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First published online on May 2, 2007
Endocrine Reviews, doi:10.1210/er.2006-0044
Endocrine Reviews, doi:10.1210/er.2006-0044
Endocrine Reviews 0 (2007): 200600441-
Copyright © 2007 by The Endocrine Society
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*Autoimmune Diseases
*Endocrine Diseases

Role of chemokines in endocrine autoimmune diseases

Mario Rotondi*, Luca Chiovato, Sergio Romagnani, Mario Serio, and Paola Romagnani

Excellence Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOthe, University of Florence; Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology,ISPESL Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., Chair of Endocrinology, University of Pavia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mrotondi{at}fsm.it.

Chemokines are a group of peptides of low molecular weight that induce the chemotaxis of different leukocyte subtypes. The major function of chemokines is the recruitment of leukocytes to inflammation sites, but they also play a role in tumoral growth, angiogenesis, and organ sclerosis.

In the last few years, experimental evidence accumulated supporting the concept that interferon-{gamma} (IFN-{gamma}) inducible chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11) and their receptor CXCR3, play an important role in the initial stage of autoimmune disorders involving endocrine glands. The fact that, following IFN-{gamma} stimulation, endocrine epithelial cells secrete CXCL10, which in turn recruits Th1 lymphocytes expressing CXCR3 and secreting IFN-{gamma}, thus perpetuating autoimmune inflammation, strongly supports the concept that chemokines play an important role in endocrine autoimmunity. This article reviews the recent literature including basic science, animal models and clinical studies, regarding the role of these chemokines in autoimmune endocrine diseases. The potential clinical applications of assaying the serum levels of CXCL10 and the value of such measurements are reviewed. Clinical studies addressing the issue of a role for serum CXCL10 measurement in Graves'disease, Graves'ophthalmopathy, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease, have been considered. The principal aim was to propose that chemokines, and in particular CXCL10, should be no more considered as belonging exclusively to basic science, but rather should be used for providing new insights in the clinical management of patients with endocrine autoimmune diseases.
Key words: Chemokines • autoimmunity • endocrine autoimmune disease • CXCL9 • CXCL10 • CXCL11




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