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First published online on October 20, 2006
Endocrine Reviews, doi:10.1210/er.2006-0033
A more recent version of this article appeared on December 1, 2006
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Adipose Tissue-Derived Factors: Impact on Health and Disease

Maria E. Trujillo and Philipp E. Scherer*

Departments of Cell Biology, and Medicine, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: scherer{at}aecom.yu.edu.

The endocrine functions of the adipose organ are widely studied at this stage. The adipose organ, and in particular adipocytes, communicate with almost all other organs. While some adipose tissue pads assume the functions as distinct "miniorgans," adipocytes can also be present in smaller numbers interspersed with other cell types (1). While fat pads have the potential to have a significant systemic impact, adipocytes may also affect neighboring tissues through paracrine interactions. These local or systemic effects are mediated through lipid and protein factors. The protein factors are commonly referred as adipokines. Their expression and post-translational modifications can undergo dramatic changes under different metabolic conditions.

Due to the fact that none of the mutations that affect adipose tissue exclusively trigger embryonic lethality, the study of adipose tissue physiology is particularly amenable to genetic analysis in mice. In fact, life in the complete absence of adipose tissue is possible in a laboratory setting, making even most extreme adipose tissue phenotypes genetically amenable to be analyzed by disruption of specific genes or overexpression of others.

Here, we briefly discuss some basic aspects of adipocyte physiology and the systemic impact of adipocyte-derived factors on energy homeostasis.




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