| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cell Biology of Diabetes Laboratory, Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia Monash University, Department of Immunology, Central and Eastern Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia and Monash University, Department of Medicine, Central and Eastern Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Alfred Baker Medical Unit, The Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: peter.little{at}baker.edu.au.
The epidemic of obesity in the developed world over the last two decades is driving a large increase in Type 2 diabetes and consequentially setting the scene for an impending wave of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is only now being recognized that the major antecedent of Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance with its attendant syndrome, is the major underlying cause of the susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
In metabolic tissues, insulin signaling via the PI (3) kinase pathway leads to glucose uptake so that in insulin resistance a state of hyperglycemia occurs; other factors such as dyslipidemia and hypertension also arise. In cardiovascular tissues there are two pathways of insulin receptor signaling, one which is predominant in metabolic tissues (mediated by PI (3) kinase) and another being a growth factor-like pathway (mediated by MAP kinase); the down-regulation of the former and continued activity of the latter pathway leads to atherosclerosis.
This review addresses the metabolic consequences of the insulin resistance syndrome and the relationship with atherosclerosis and the impact of insulin resistance on processes of atherosclerosis including insulin signaling in cells of the vasculature.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S. J. Nicholls, E. M. Tuzcu, S. Kalidindi, K. Wolski, K.-W. Moon, I. Sipahi, P. Schoenhagen, and S. E. Nissen Effect of Diabetes on Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Arterial Remodeling: A Pooled Analysis of 5 Intravascular Ultrasound Trials J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 22, 2008; 52(4): 255 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. J. Betteridge, R. A. DeFronzo, and R. J. Chilton PROactive: time for a critical appraisal Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2008; 29(8): 969 - 983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. S. Vasan What is an Abnormal Blood Glucose Level?: Combining Lessons From Epidemiology and In Vivo Plaque Imaging J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., January 1, 2008; 1(1): 46 - 48. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. K. Sze, D. P. V. de Kleijn, R. C. Lai, E. Khia Way Tan, H. Zhao, K. S. Yeo, T. Y. Low, Q. Lian, C. N. Lee, W. Mitchell, et al. Elucidating the Secretion Proteome of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mol. Cell. Proteomics, October 1, 2007; 6(10): 1680 - 1689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kisfalvi, O. Rey, S. H. Young, J. Sinnett-Smith, and E. Rozengurt Insulin Potentiates Ca2+ Signaling and Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Hydrolysis Induced by Gq Protein-Coupled Receptor Agonists through an mTOR-Dependent Pathway Endocrinology, July 1, 2007; 148(7): 3246 - 3257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Li, E. J. Barrett, M. O. Barrett, W. Cao, and Z. Liu Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Induces Insulin Resistance in Endothelial Cells via a p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Pathway Endocrinology, July 1, 2007; 148(7): 3356 - 3363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. D. Anderson, N. N. Mehta, M. L. Wolfe, C. C. Hinkle, L. Pruscino, L. L. Comiskey, J. Tabita-Martinez, K. F. Sellers, M. R. Rickels, R. S. Ahima, et al. Innate Immunity Modulates Adipokines in Humans J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2007; 92(6): 2272 - 2279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Fischoeder, H. Meyborg, D. Stibenz, E. Fleck, K. Graf, and P. Stawowy Insulin augments matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in monocytes Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2007; 73(4): 841 - 848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. E. Silver, S. D. Beske, D. D. Christou, A. J. Donato, K. L. Moreau, I. Eskurza, P. E. Gates, and D. R. Seals Overweight and Obese Humans Demonstrate Increased Vascular Endothelial NAD(P)H Oxidase-p47phox Expression and Evidence of Endothelial Oxidative Stress Circulation, February 6, 2007; 115(5): 627 - 637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Basili, G. Pacini, M. T. Guagnano, M. R. Manigrasso, F. Santilli, C. Pettinella, G. Ciabattoni, C. Patrono, and G. Davi Insulin Resistance as a Determinant of Platelet Activation in Obese Women J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 19, 2006; 48(12): 2531 - 2538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. R. Drel, N. Mashtalir, O. Ilnytska, J. Shin, F. Li, V. V. Lyzogubov, and I. G. Obrosova The Leptin-Deficient (ob/ob) Mouse: A New Animal Model of Peripheral Neuropathy of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Diabetes, December 1, 2006; 55(12): 3335 - 3343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Bruemmer C-Peptide in Insulin Resistance and Vascular Complications: Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks Circ. Res., November 24, 2006; 99(11): 1149 - 1151. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
