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1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Medical and Graduate Schools of Medicine, General Clinical Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214-3000 Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, General Clinical Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32207, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: veldhuis.johannes{at}mayo.edu.
Body composition exhibits marked variations across the early human lifetime. The precise physiological mechanisms that drive such developmental adaptations are difficult to establish. This clinical challenge reflects an array of potentially confounding factors, such as marked intersubject differences in tissue compartments; the incremental nature of longitudinal intrasubject variations in body composition; technical limitations in quantitating the unobserved mass of mineral, fat, water and muscle ad seriatim; and, the multifold contributions of genetic, dietary, environmental, hormonal, nutritional and behavioral signals to physical and sexual maturation. From an endocrine perspective (reviewed here), gonadal sex steroids and GH/IGF-I constitute prime determinants of evolving body composition. The present critical review examines hormonal regulation of body composition in infancy, childhood, and puberty.
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