help button home button Endocrine Society Endocrine Reviews
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
First published online on August 17, 2004
Endocrine Reviews, doi:10.1210/er.2003-0031
A more recent version of this article appeared on October 1, 2004
This Article
Right arrow Author Manuscript (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
25/5/831    most recent
Final Manuscript
Author Manuscript
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Tomlinson, J. W
Right arrow Articles by Stewart, P. M
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Tomlinson, J. W
Right arrow Articles by Stewart, P. M

11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: A tissue-specific regulator of glucocorticoid response

Jeremy W Tomlinson, Elizabeth A Walker, Iwona J Bujalska, Nicole Draper, Gareth G Lavery, Mark S Cooper, Martin Hewison, and Paul M Stewart*

Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: p.m.stewart{at}bham.ac.uk..

11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 interconverts inactive cortisone and active cortisol. Although bi-directional, in vivo it is believed to function as a reductase generating active glucocorticoid at a pre-receptor level, enhancing glucocorticoid receptor activation. In this review we discuss both the genetic and enzymatic characterization of 11{beta}-HSD1 as well as describing its role in physiology and pathology in a tissue specific manner. The molecular basis of Cortisone Reductase Deficiency, the putative '11{beta}-HSD1 knockout state' in humans, has been defined and is caused by intronic mutations in HSD11B1 that decrease gene transcription together with mutations in hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an endoluminal enzyme that provides NADPH as cofactor to 11{beta}-HSD1 to permit reductase activity. We speculate that H6PDH activity and therefore NADPH supply may be crucial in determining the directionality of 11{beta}-HSD1 activity. Therapeutic inhibition of 11{beta}-HSD1 reductase activity in patients with obesity and the metabolic syndrome as well as in glaucoma and osteoporosis remains an exciting prospect.
Key words: 11 {beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 • cortisol




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. G. Lavery, E. A. Walker, A. Tiganescu, J. P. Ride, C. H. L. Shackleton, J. W. Tomlinson, J. M. C. Connell, D. W. Ray, A. Biason-Lauber, E. M. Malunowicz, et al.
Steroid Biomarkers and Genetic Studies Reveal Inactivating Mutations in Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Patients with Cortisone Reductase Deficiency
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2008; 93(10): 3827 - 3832.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
J. W. Tomlinson, J. Finney, C. Gay, B. A. Hughes, S. V. Hughes, and P. M. Stewart
Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Resistance Are Associated With Increased Adipose 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Expression and Elevated Hepatic 5{alpha}-Reductase Activity
Diabetes, October 1, 2008; 57(10): 2652 - 2660.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cardiovasc ResHome page
Y. Liu, D. Mladinov, J. L. Pietrusz, K. Usa, and M. Liang
Glucocorticoid response elements and 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression
Cardiovasc Res, September 15, 2008; (2008) cvn231v2.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
S. Senesi, P. Marcolongo, I. Manini, R. Fulceri, V. Sorrentino, M. Csala, G. Banhegyi, and A. Benedetti
Constant expression of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase during differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
J. Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 2008; 41(3): 125 - 133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann Rheum DisHome page
R Hardy, E H Rabbitt, A Filer, P Emery, M Hewison, P M Stewart, N J Gittoes, C D Buckley, K Raza, and M S Cooper
Local and systemic glucocorticoid metabolism in inflammatory arthritis
Ann Rheum Dis, September 1, 2008; 67(9): 1204 - 1210.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. Balachandran, H. Guan, M. Sellan, S. van Uum, and K. Yang
Insulin and Dexamethasone Dynamically Regulate Adipocyte 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1
Endocrinology, August 1, 2008; 149(8): 4069 - 4079.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
K. Yang, H. Guan, E. Arany, D. J. Hill, and X. Cao
Neuropeptide Y is produced in visceral adipose tissue and promotes proliferation of adipocyte precursor cells via the Y1 receptor
FASEB J, July 1, 2008; 22(7): 2452 - 2464.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
S. Y. Kim, H. S. Jun, P. A. Mead, B. C. Mansfield, and J. Y. Chou
Neutrophil stress and apoptosis underlie myeloid dysfunction in glycogen storage disease type Ib
Blood, June 15, 2008; 111(12): 5704 - 5711.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
J. W. Tomlinson, J. Finney, B. A. Hughes, S. V. Hughes, and P. M. Stewart
Reduced Glucocorticoid Production Rate, Decreased 5{alpha}-Reductase Activity, and Adipose Tissue Insulin Sensitization After Weight Loss
Diabetes, June 1, 2008; 57(6): 1536 - 1543.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
D. P Macfarlane, S. Forbes, and B. R Walker
Glucocorticoids and fatty acid metabolism in humans: fuelling fat redistribution in the metabolic syndrome
J. Endocrinol., May 1, 2008; 197(2): 189 - 204.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Charmandari, T. Kino, T. Ichijo, and G. P. Chrousos
Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance: Clinical Aspects, Molecular Mechanisms, and Implications of a Rare Genetic Disorder
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2008; 93(5): 1563 - 1572.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
I. J. Bujalska, K. N. Hewitt, D. Hauton, G. G. Lavery, J. W. Tomlinson, E. A. Walker, and P. M. Stewart
Lack of Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Impairs Lipid Mobilization from Mouse Adipose Tissue
Endocrinology, May 1, 2008; 149(5): 2584 - 2591.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
G. G. Lavery, E. A. Walker, N. Turan, D. Rogoff, J. W. Ryder, J. M. Shelton, J. A. Richardson, F. Falciani, P. C. White, P. M. Stewart, et al.
Deletion of Hexose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Activates the Unfolded Protein Response Pathway and Induces Skeletal Myopathy
J. Biol. Chem., March 28, 2008; 283(13): 8453 - 8461.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
E. P. Gomez-Sanchez, D. G. Romero, A. F. de Rodriguez, M. P. Warden, Z. Krozowski, and C. E. Gomez-Sanchez
Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-1 Tissue Distribution in the Rat
Endocrinology, February 1, 2008; 149(2): 525 - 533.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
B. G. Bhat, N. Hosea, A. Fanjul, J. Herrera, J. Chapman, F. Thalacker, P. M. Stewart, and P. A. Rejto
Demonstration of Proof of Mechanism and Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Relationship with 4'-Cyano-biphenyl-4-sulfonic Acid (6-Amino-pyridin-2-yl)-amide (PF-915275), an Inhibitor of 11 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1, in Cynomolgus Monkeys
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 2008; 324(1): 299 - 305.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
Z. Balazs, R. A.S. Schweizer, F. J. Frey, F. Rohner-Jeanrenaud, and A. Odermatt
DHEA Induces 11 -HSD2 by Acting on CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2008; 19(1): 92 - 101.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
G. G. Lavery, D. Hauton, K. N. Hewitt, S. M. Brice, M. Sherlock, E. A. Walker, and P. M. Stewart
Hypoglycemia with Enhanced Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis in Recombinant Mice Lacking Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Endocrinology, December 1, 2007; 148(12): 6100 - 6106.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
B. R Walker
Glucocorticoids and Cardiovascular Disease
Eur. J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2007; 157(5): 545 - 559.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
Z. Yang, C. Guo, P. Zhu, W. Li, L. Myatt, and K. Sun
Role of glucocorticoid receptor and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein {alpha} in the feed-forward induction of 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression by cortisol in human amnion fibroblasts
J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2007; 195(2): 241 - 253.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Intensive Care MedHome page
M. S. Cooper and P. M. Stewart
Adrenal Insufficiency in Critical Illness
J Intensive Care Med, November 1, 2007; 22(6): 348 - 362.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. L. Gathercole, I. J. Bujalska, P. M. Stewart, and J. W. Tomlinson
Glucocorticoid Modulation of Insulin Signaling in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2007; 92(11): 4332 - 4339.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
T. Y. Zhang and R. A. Daynes
Macrophages from 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1-Deficient Mice Exhibit an Increased Sensitivity to Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation Due to TGF-beta-Mediated Up-Regulation of SHIP1 Expression
J. Immunol., November 1, 2007; 179(9): 6325 - 6335.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
J. Chan, E. H Rabbitt, B. A Innes, J. N Bulmer, P. M Stewart, M. D Kilby, and M. Hewison
Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in human decidua: a novel role for 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in late gestation
J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2007; 195(1): 7 - 15.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. G. Burt, G. Johannsson, A. M. Umpleby, D. J. Chisholm, and K. K. Y. Ho
Impact of Acute and Chronic Low-Dose Glucocorticoids on Protein Metabolism
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2007; 92(10): 3923 - 3929.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. A. Walker, A. Ahmed, G. G. Lavery, J. W. Tomlinson, S. Y. Kim, M. S. Cooper, J. P. Ride, B. A. Hughes, C. H. L. Shackleton, P. McKiernan, et al.
11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Regulation by Intracellular Glucose 6-Phosphate Provides Evidence for a Novel Link between Glucose Metabolism and Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function
J. Biol. Chem., September 14, 2007; 282(37): 27030 - 27036.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
S. Wiegand, A. Richardt, T. Remer, S. A Wudy, J. W Tomlinson, B. Hughes, A. Gruters, P. M Stewart, C. J Strasburger, and M. Quinkler
Reduced 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in obese boys
Eur. J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2007; 157(3): 319 - 324.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
F. Li, T. Asami, X. Wu, E. W.T. Tsang, and A. J. Cutler
A Putative Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Involved in Regulating Plant Growth and Development
Plant Physiology, September 1, 2007; 145(1): 87 - 97.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. Jang, V. R. Obeyesekere, R. J. Dilley, Z. Krozowski, W. J. Inder, and F. P. Alford
Altered Activity of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Types 1 and 2 in Skeletal Muscle Confers Metabolic Protection in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2007; 92(8): 3314 - 3320.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
K. Usa, R. J. Singh, B. C. Netzel, Y. Liu, H. Raff, and M. Liang
Renal interstitial corticosterone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone in conscious rats
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): F186 - F192.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
D. J. Wake, R. H. Stimson, G. D. Tan, N. Z. M. Homer, R. Andrew, F. Karpe, and B. R. Walker
Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{alpha} and -{gamma} Agonists on 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2007; 92(5): 1848 - 1856.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Berthiaume, M. Laplante, W. Festuccia, Y. Gelinas, S. Poulin, J. Lalonde, D. R. Joanisse, R. Thieringer, and Y. Deshaies
Depot-Specific Modulation of Rat Intraabdominal Adipose Tissue Lipid Metabolism by Pharmacological Inhibition of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1
Endocrinology, May 1, 2007; 148(5): 2391 - 2397.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
P. Marcolongo, S. Piccirella, S. Senesi, L. Wunderlich, I. Gerin, J. Mandl, R. Fulceri, G. Banhegyi, and A. Benedetti
The Glucose-6-Phosphate Transporter-Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 System of the Adipose Tissue
Endocrinology, May 1, 2007; 148(5): 2487 - 2495.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Kim, K. A. Temple, S. A. Jones, K. N. Meredith, J. L. Basko, and M. J. Brady
Differential Modulation of 3T3-L1 Adipogenesis Mediated by 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-1 Levels
J. Biol. Chem., April 13, 2007; 282(15): 11038 - 11046.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. W. Tomlinson, M. Sherlock, B. Hughes, S. V. Hughes, F. Kilvington, W. Bartlett, R. Courtney, P. Rejto, W. Carley, and P. M. Stewart
Inhibition of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Activity in Vivo Limits Glucocorticoid Exposure to Human Adipose Tissue and Decreases Lipolysis
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2007; 92(3): 857 - 864.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
S. Nammi, K. Dembele, and B. L. G. Nyomba
Increased 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver and adipose tissue of rat offspring exposed to alcohol in utero
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2007; 292(3): R1101 - R1109.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp PhysiolHome page
A. McMaster and D. W. Ray
Modelling the glucocorticoid receptor and producing therapeutic agents with anti-inflammatory effects but reduced side-effects
Exp Physiol, March 1, 2007; 92(2): 299 - 309.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
I. J Bujalska, O. M Durrani, J. Abbott, C. U Onyimba, P. Khosla, A. H Moosavi, T. T Q Reuser, P. M Stewart, J. W Tomlinson, E. A Walker, et al.
Characterisation of 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in human orbital adipose tissue: a comparison with subcutaneous and omental fat
J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2007; 192(2): 279 - 288.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Corton, J. I. Botella-Carretero, A. Benguria, G. Villuendas, A. Zaballos, J. L. San Millan, H. F. Escobar-Morreale, and B. Peral
Differential Gene Expression Profile in Omental Adipose Tissue in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2007; 92(1): 328 - 337.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. R. Dover, P. W. F. Hadoke, L. J. Macdonald, E. Miller, D. E. Newby, and B. R. Walker
Intravascular Glucocorticoid Metabolism during Inflammation and Injury in Mice
Endocrinology, January 1, 2007; 148(1): 166 - 172.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
D. J. Wake, N. Z. M. Homer, R. Andrew, and B. R. Walker
Acute In Vivo Regulation of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Activity by Insulin and Intralipid Infusions in Humans
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2006; 91(11): 4682 - 4688.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Darmon, F. Dadoun, S. Boullu-Ciocca, M. Grino, M.-C. Alessi, and A. Dutour
Insulin resistance induced by hydrocortisone is increased in patients with abdominal obesity
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2006; 291(5): E995 - E1002.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
J. L. Turgeon, M. C. Carr, P. M. Maki, M. E. Mendelsohn, and P. M. Wise
Complex Actions of Sex Steroids in Adipose Tissue, the Cardiovascular System, and Brain: Insights from Basic Science and Clinical Studies
Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2006; 27(6): 575 - 605.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Y. Kim, A. D. Nguyen, J.-L. Gao, P. M. Murphy, B. C. Mansfield, and J. Y. Chou
Bone Marrow-derived Cells Require a Functional Glucose 6-Phosphate Transporter for Normal Myeloid Functions
J. Biol. Chem., September 29, 2006; 281(39): 28794 - 28801.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
B. Mariniello, V. Ronconi, S. Rilli, P. Bernante, M. Boscaro, F. Mantero, and G. Giacchetti
Adipose tissue 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression in obesity and Cushing's syndrome
Eur. J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2006; 155(3): 435 - 441.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
C. U Onyimba, N. Vijapurapu, S J. Curnow, P. Khosla, P. M Stewart, P. I Murray, E. A Walker, and S. Rauz
Characterisation of the prereceptor regulation of glucocorticoids in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye.
J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2006; 190(2): 483 - 493.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Gambineri, V. Vicennati, S. Genghini, F. Tomassoni, U. Pagotto, R. Pasquali, and B. R. Walker
Genetic Variation in 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Predicts Adrenal Hyperandrogenism among Lean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2006; 91(6): 2295 - 2302.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
W. Li, L. Gao, Y. Wang, T. Duan, L. Myatt, and K. Sun
Enhancement of Cortisol-Induced 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1 Expression by Interleukin 1{beta} in Cultured Human Chorionic Trophoblast Cells
Endocrinology, May 1, 2006; 147(5): 2490 - 2495.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
J. A. Shoener, R. Baig, and K. C. Page
Prenatal exposure to dexamethasone alters hippocampal drive on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in adult male rats
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): R1366 - R1373.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
G. G. Lavery, E. A. Walker, N. Draper, P. Jeyasuria, J. Marcos, C. H. L. Shackleton, K. L. Parker, P. C. White, and P. M. Stewart
Hexose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Knock-out Mice Lack 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1-mediated Glucocorticoid Generation
J. Biol. Chem., March 10, 2006; 281(10): 6546 - 6551.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. S. Chriguer, L. L. K. Elias, I. M. da Silva Jr., J. G. H. Vieira, A. C. Moreira, and M. de Castro
Glucocorticoid Sensitivity in Young Healthy Individuals: in Vitro and in Vivo Studies
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2005; 90(11): 5978 - 5984.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. C. White
Genotypes at 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 11B1 and Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Loci Are Not Risk Factors for Apparent Cortisone Reductase Deficiency in a Large Population-Based Sample
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2005; 90(10): 5880 - 5883.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
C. van Kooten and A. M. Woltman
CD40 brings the shuttle down
Blood, September 15, 2005; 106(6): 1895 - 1896.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
L. Freeman, M. Hewison, S. V. Hughes, K. N. Evans, D. Hardie, T. K. Means, and R. Chakraverty
Expression of 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 permits regulation of glucocorticoid bioavailability by human dendritic cells
Blood, September 15, 2005; 106(6): 2042 - 2049.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IBMS BoneKEyHome page
R. S. Weinstein
11{beta}-HSD: Guardian or Gate Crasher?
IBMS BoneKEy, September 1, 2005; 2(9): 6 - 13.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. L. San Millan, J. I. Botella-Carretero, F. Alvarez-Blasco, M. Luque-Ramirez, J. Sancho, P. Moghetti, and H. F. Escobar-Morreale
A Study of the Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene R453Q and 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Gene 83557insA Polymorphisms in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2005; 90(7): 4157 - 4162.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
F. Hammer, S. Subtil, P. Lux, C. Maser-Gluth, P. M. Stewart, B. Allolio, and W. Arlt
No Evidence for Hepatic Conversion of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Sulfate to DHEA: In Vivo and in Vitro Studies
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2005; 90(6): 3600 - 3605.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. K. Agarwal and R. J. Auchus
Minireview: Cellular Redox State Regulates Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity and Intracellular Hormone Potency
Endocrinology, June 1, 2005; 146(6): 2531 - 2538.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IBMS BoneKEyHome page
E. Seeman and G. J. Strewler
Clinical and Basic Research Papers - August 2004 Selections
IBMS BoneKEy, October 1, 2004; 1(10): 1 - 3.
[Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res.