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Endocrine Reviews 22 (2): 153-183
Copyright © 2001 by The Endocrine Society

Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Pathways: Regulation and Physiological Functions1

Gray Pearson, Fred Robinson, Tara Beers Gibson, Bing-e Xu, Mahesh Karandikar, Kevin Berman and Melanie H. Cobb

Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases comprise a family of ubiquitous proline-directed, protein-serine/threonine kinases, which participate in signal transduction pathways that control intracellular events including acute responses to hormones and major developmental changes in organisms. MAP kinases lie in protein kinase cascades. This review discusses the regulation and functions of mammalian MAP kinases. Nonenzymatic mechanisms that impact MAP kinase functions and findings from gene disruption studies are highlighted. Particular emphasis is on ERK1/2.




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