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The following is the latest addition to the Genetically Modified Animals in Endocrinology Bibliography Project. To see earlier segments of this project, go to http://www.endo-society.org/journals/bibliographies.cfm.
Please send your comments, suggestions, and offerings of other relevant citations to this e-mail address: ERKO{at}endo-society.org.1
Animals Genetically Modified for Gastrointestinal Peptide Hormones or Their Receptors
Aihara T, Nakamura E, Amagase K, Tomita K, Fujishita T, Furutani K, Okabe S 2003 Pharmacological control of gastric acid secretion for the treatment of acid-related peptic disease: past, present, and future. Pharmacol Ther 98:109–127[CrossRef][Medline]
Allen JP, Hathway GJ, Clarke NJ, Jowett MI, Topps S, Kendrick KM, Humphrey PP, Wilkinson LS, Emson PC 2003 Somatostatin receptor 2 knockout/lacZ knockin mice show impaired motor coordination and reveal sites of somatostatin action within the striatum. Eur J Neurosci 17:1881–1895[CrossRef][Medline]
Aoki K, Sun YJ, Aoki S, Wada K, Wada E 2002 Cloning, expression, and mapping of a gene that is upregulated in adipose tissue of mice deficient in bombesin receptor subtype-3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 290:1282–1288[CrossRef][Medline]
Beck B 2001 KO’s and organisation of peptidergic feeding behavior mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 25:143–158[CrossRef][Medline]
Berglund MM, Hipskind PA, Gehlert DR 2003 Recent developments in our understanding of the physiological role of PP-fold peptide receptor subtypes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 228:217–244
Bi S, Moran TH 2002 Actions of CCK in the controls of food intake and body weight: lessons from the CCK-A receptor deficient OLETF rat. Neuropeptides 36:171–181[CrossRef][Medline]
Blakeman KH, Hao JX, Xu XJ, Jacoby AS, Shine J, Crawley JN, Iismaa T, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z 2003 Hyperalgesia and increased neuropathic pain-like response in mice lacking galanin receptor 1 receptors. Neuroscience 117:221–227[CrossRef][Medline]
Boushey RP, Abadir A, Flamez D, Baggio LL, Li Y, Berger V, Marshall BA, Finegood D, Wang TC, Schuit F, Drucker DJ 2003 Hypoglycemia, defective islet glucagon secretion, but normal islet mass in mice with a disruption of the gastrin gene. Gastroenterology 125:1164–1174[CrossRef][Medline]
Buckmaster PS, Otero-Corchon V, Rubinstein M, Low MJ 2002 Heightened seizure severity in somatostatin knockout mice. Epilepsy Res 48:43–56[CrossRef][Medline]
Carroll RE, Matkowskyj KA, Tretiakova MS, Battey JF, Benya RV 2000 Gastrin-releasing peptide is a mitogen and a morphogen in murine colon cancer. Cell Growth Differ 11:385–393
Chen D, Zhao CM, Dockray GJ, Varro A, Van Hoek A, Sinclair NF, Wang TC, Koh TJ 2000 Glycine-extended gastrin synergizes with gastrin 17 to stimulate acid secretion in gastrin-deficient mice. Gastroenterology 119:756–765[CrossRef][Medline]
Chen D, Zhao CM, Al-Haider W, Hakanson R, Rehfeld JF, Kopin AS 2002 Differentiation of gastric ECL cells is altered in CCK(2) receptor-deficient mice. Gastroenterology 123:577–585[CrossRef][Medline]
Chen D, Zhao CM, Hakanson R, Rehfeld JF 2002 Gastric phenotypic abnormality in cholecystokinin 2 receptor null mice. Pharmacol Toxicol 91:375–381[CrossRef][Medline]
Chu DQ, Cox HM, Costa SK, Herzog H, Brain SD 2003 The ability of neuropeptide Y to mediate responses in the murine cutaneous microvasculature: an analysis of the contribution of Y1 and Y2 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 140:422–430[CrossRef][Medline]
Clerc P, Saillan-Barreau C, Desbois C, Pradayrol L, Fourmy D, Dufresne M 2002 Transgenic mice expressing cholecystokinin 2 receptors in the pancreas. Pharmacol Toxicol 91:321–326[CrossRef][Medline]
Clerc P, Leung-Theung-Long S, Wang TC, Dockray GJ, Bouisson M, Delisle MB, Vaysse N, Pradayrol L, Fourmy D, Dufresne M 2002 Expression of CCK2 receptors in the murine pancreas: proliferation, transdifferentiation of acinar cells, and neoplasia. Gastroenterology 122:428–437[CrossRef][Medline]
Cobb S, Wood T, Tessarollo L, Velasco M, Given R, Varro A, Tarasova N, Singh P 2002 Deletion of functional gastrin gene markedly increases colon carcinogenesis in response to azoxymethane in mice. Gastroenterology 123:516–530[CrossRef][Medline]
De Leon DD, Deng S, Madani R, Ahima RS, Drucker DJ, Stoffers DA 2003 Role of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 in islet regeneration after partial pancreatectomy. Diabetes 52:365–371
Desbois C, Huerou-Luron IL, Dufresne M, Estival A, Clerc P, Rome V, Clemente F, Guilloteau P, Fourmy D 1999 The CCKB/gastrin receptor is coupled to the regulation of enzyme secretion, protein synthesis and p70 S6 kinase activity in acinar cells from ElasCCKB transgenic mice. Eur J Biochem 266:1003–1010[Medline]
Dobner PR, Deutch AY, Fadel J 2003 Neurotensin: dual roles in psychostimulant and antipsychotic drug responses. Life Sci 73:801–811[CrossRef][Medline]
Drucker DJ, Lovshin J, Baggio L, Nian M, Adatia F, Boushey RP, Liu Y, Saleh J, Yusta B, Scrocchi L 2000 New developments in the biology of the glucagon-like peptides GLP-1 and GLP-2. Ann NY Acad Sci 921:226–232[Medline]
Fetissov SO, Jacoby AS, Brumovsky PR, Shine J, Iismaa TP, Hokfelt T 2003 Altered hippocampal expression of neuropeptides in seizure-prone GALR1 knockout mice. Epilepsia 44:1022–1033[CrossRef][Medline]
Flamez D, Gilon P, Moens K, Van Breusegem A, Delmeire D, Scrocchi LA, Henquin JC, Drucker DJ, Schuit F 1999 Altered cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in mouse pancreatic islets with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor null phenotype. Diabetes 48:1979–1986[Abstract]
Friis-Hansen L, Sundler F, Li Y, Gillespie PJ, Saunders TL, Greenson JK, Owyang C, Rehfeld JF, Samuelson LC 1998 Impaired gastric acid secretion in gastrin-deficient mice. Am J Physiol 274:G561–G568
Friis-Hansen L 2001 Lessons from the gastrin and gastrin receptor knockout mice. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 234:41–46[CrossRef][Medline]
Friis-Hansen L 2002 Gastric functions in gastrin gene knock-out mice. Pharmacol Toxicol 91:363–367[CrossRef][Medline]
Fukushima Y, Shindo T, Anai M, Saitoh T, Wang Y, Fujishiro M, Ohashi Y, Ogihara T, Inukai K, Ono H, Sakoda H, Kurihara Y, Honda M, Shojima N, Fukushima H, Haraikawa-Onishi Y, Katagiri H, Shimizu Y, Ichinose M, Ishikawa T, Omata M, Nagai R, Kurihara H, Asano T 2003 Structural and functional characterization of gastric mucosa and central nervous system in histamine H2 receptor-null mice. Eur J Pharmacol 468:47–58[CrossRef][Medline]
Gallwitz B, Schmidt WE 1997 [GLP-1 receptor gene "knock out" causes glucose intolerance, but no alterations of eating behavior]. Z Gastroenterol 35:655–658[Medline]
Gelling RW, Du XQ, Dichmann DS, Romer J, Huang H, Cui L, Obici S, Tang B, Holst JJ, Fledelius C, Johansen PB, Rossetti L, Jelicks LA, Serup P, Nishimura E, Charron MJ 2003 Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic alpha cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:1438–1443
Gong AY, Tietz PS, Muff MA, Splinter PL, Huebert RC, Strowski MZ, Chen XM, LaRusso NF 2003 Somatostatin stimulates ductal bile absorption and inhibits ductal bile secretion in mice via SSTR2 on cholangiocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 284:C1205–C1214
Grass S, Jacoby AS, Iismaa TP, Crawley JN, Xu XJ, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z 2003 Flexor reflex excitability in mice lacking galanin receptor galanin-R1. Neurosci Lett 345:153–156[CrossRef][Medline]
Hampton LL, Ladenheim EE, Akeson M, Way JM, Weber HC, Sutliff VE, Jensen RT, Wine LJ, Arnheiter H, Battey JF 1998 Loss of bombesin-induced feeding suppression in gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:3188–3192
Hannon JP, Petrucci C, Fehlmann D, Viollet C, Epelbaum J, Hoyer D 2002 Somatostatin sst2 receptor knock-out mice: localisation of sst1–5 receptor mRNA and binding in mouse brain by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, in situ hybridisation histochemistry and receptor autoradiography. Neuropharmacology 42:396–413[CrossRef][Medline]
Hinkle KL, Samuelson LC 1999 Lessons from genetically engineered animal models. III. Lessons learned from gastrin gene deletion in mice. Am J Physiol 277:G500–G505
Hofland LJ, Lamberts SW, van Hagen PM, Reubi JC, Schaeffer J, Waaijers M, van Koetsveld PM, Srinivasan A, Krenning EP, Breeman WA 2003 Crucial role for somatostatin receptor subtype 2 in determining the uptake of [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]octreotide in somatostatin receptor-positive organs. J Nucl Med 44:1315–1321
Hohmann JG, Krasnow SM, Teklemichael DN, Clifton DK, Wynick D, Steiner RA 2003 Neuroendocrine profiles in galanin-overexpressing and knockout mice. Neuroendocrinology 77:354–366[CrossRef][Medline]
Hohmann JG, Jureus A, Teklemichael DN, Matsumoto AM, Clifton DK, Steiner RA 2003 Distribution and regulation of galanin receptor 1 messenger RNA in the forebrain of wild type and galanin-transgenic mice. Neuroscience 117:105–117[CrossRef][Medline]
Holmes FE, Mahoney S, King VR, Bacon A, Kerr NC, Pachnis V, Curtis R, Priestley JV, Wynick D 2000 Targeted disruption of the galanin gene reduces the number of sensory neurons and their regenerative capacity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:11563–11568
Hyland NP, Sjoberg F, Tough IR, Herzog H, Cox HM 2003 Functional consequences of neuropeptide Y Y 2 receptor knockout and Y2 antagonism in mouse and human colonic tissues. Br J Pharmacol 139:863–871[CrossRef][Medline]
Iismaa TP, Shine J 1999 Galanin and galanin receptors. Results Probl Cell Differ 26:257–291[Medline]
Jacoby AS, Hort YJ, Constantinescu G, Shine J, Iismaa TP 2002 Critical role for GALR1 galanin receptor in galanin regulation of neuroendocrine function and seizure activity. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 107:195–200[Medline]
Kerr BJ, Cafferty WB, Gupta YK, Bacon A, Wynick D, McMahon SB, Thompson SW 2000 Galanin knockout mice reveal nociceptive deficits following peripheral nerve injury. Eur J Neurosci 12:793–802[CrossRef][Medline]
Kerr BJ, Thompson SW, Wynick D, McMahon SB 2001 Endogenous galanin is required for the full expression of central sensitization following peripheral nerve injury. Neuroreport 12:3331–3334[CrossRef][Medline]
Kerr BJ, Gupta Y, Pope R, Thompson SW, Wynick D, McMahon SB 2001 Endogenous galanin potentiates spinal nociceptive processing following inflammation. Pain 93:267–277[CrossRef][Medline]
Koh TJ, Chen D 2000 Gastrin as a growth factor in the gastrointestinal tract. Regul Pept 93:37–44[CrossRef][Medline]
Koh TJ 2002 Extragastric effects of gastrin gene knock-out mice. Pharmacol Toxicol 91:368–374[CrossRef][Medline]
Koks S, Abramov U, Veraksits A, Bourin M, Matsui T, Vasar E 2003 CCK2 receptor-deficient mice have increased sensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors. Neuropeptides 37:25–29[CrossRef][Medline]
Kopin AS, Mathes WF, McBride EW, Nguyen M, Al-Haider W, Schmitz F, Bonner-Weir S, Kanarek R, Beinborn M 1999 The cholecystokinin-A receptor mediates inhibition of food intake yet is not essential for the maintenance of body weight. J Clin Invest 103:383–391[Medline]
Kreienkamp HJ, Akgun E, Baumeister H, Meyerhof W, Richter D 1999 Somatostatin receptor subtype 1 modulates basal inhibition of growth hormone release in somatotrophs. FEBS Lett 462:464–466[CrossRef][Medline]
Ladenheim EE, Hampton LL, Whitney AC, White WO, Battey JF, Moran TH 2002 Disruptions in feeding and body weight control in gastrin-releasing peptide receptor deficient mice. J Endocrinol 174:273–281[Abstract]
Laforenza U, Gastaldi G, Rindi G, Leiter AB, Cova E, Marchetti A, Candusso ME, Autelli M, Orsenigo MN, Ventura U 2003 PYY-Tag transgenic mice displaying abnormal (H+-K+)ATPase activity and gastric mucosal barrier impairment. Lab Invest 83:47–54[Medline]
Langhans N, Rindi G, Chiu M, Rehfeld JF, Ardman B, Beinborn M, Kopin AS 1997 Abnormal gastric histology and decreased acid production in cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor-deficient mice. Gastroenterology 112:280–286[Medline]
Ling Z, Wu D, Zambre Y, Flamez D, Drucker DJ, Pipeleers DG, Schuit FC 2001 Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor signaling influences topography of islet cells in mice. Virchows Arch 438:382–387[CrossRef][Medline]
Low MJ, Otero-Corchon V, Parlow AF, Ramirez JL, Kumar U, Patel YC, Rubinstein M 2001 Somatostatin is required for masculinization of growth hormone-regulated hepatic gene expression but not of somatic growth. J Clin Invest 107:1571–1580.[Medline]
MacLusky NJ, Cook S, Scrocchi L, Shin J, Kim J, Vaccarino F, Asa SL, Drucker DJ 2000 Neuroendocrine function and response to stress in mice with complete disruption of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor signaling. Endocrinology 141:752–762
Mahoney SA, Hosking R, Farrant S, Holmes FE, Jacoby AS, Shine J, Iismaa TP, Scott MK, Schmidt R, Wynick D 2003 The second galanin receptor GalR2 plays a key role in neurite outgrowth from adult sensory neurons. J Neurosci 23:416–421
Martinez V, Curi AP, Torkian B, Schaeffer JM, Wilkinson HA, Walsh JH, Tache Y 1998 High basal gastric acid secretion in somatostatin receptor subtype 2 knockout mice. Gastroenterology 114:1125–1132[CrossRef][Medline]
Massey PV, Warburton EC, Wynick D, Brown MW, Bashir ZI 2003 Galanin regulates spatial memory but not visual recognition memory or synaptic plasticity in perirhinal cortex. Neuropharmacology 44:40–48[CrossRef][Medline]
Matsuda H, Brumovsky PR, Kopp J, Pedrazzini T, Hokfelt T 2002 Distribution of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors in rodent peripheral tissues. J Comp Neurol 449:390–404[CrossRef][Medline]
Mazarati AM, Hohmann JG, Bacon A, Liu H, Sankar R, Steiner RA, Wynick D, Wasterlain CG 2000 Modulation of hippocampal excitability and seizures by galanin. J Neurosci 20:6276–6281
Miyasaka K, Shinozaki H, Suzuki S, Sato Y, Kanai S, Masuda M, Jimi A, Nagata A, Matsui T, Noda T, Kono A, Funakoshi A 1999 Disruption of cholecystokinin (CCK)-B receptor gene did not modify bile or pancreatic secretion or pancreatic growth: a study in CCK-B receptor gene knockout mice. Pancreas 19:114–118[CrossRef][Medline]
Miyasaka K, Ichikawa M, Ohta M, Kanai S, Yoshida Y, Masuda M, Nagata A, Matsui T, Noda T, Takiguchi S, Takata Y, Kawanami T, Funakoshi A 2002 Energy metabolism and turnover are increased in mice lacking the cholecystokinin-B receptor. J Nutr 132:739–741
Miyasaka K, Kobayashi S, Ohta M, Kanai S, Yoshida Y, Nagata A, Matsui T, Noda T, Takiguchi S, Takata Y, Kawanami T, Funakoshi A 2002 Anxiety-related behaviors in cholecystokinin-A, B, and AB receptor gene knockout mice in the plus-maze. Neurosci Lett 335:115–118[CrossRef][Medline]
Morimoto T, Yamamoto Y, Yamatodani A 2001 Brain histamine and feeding behavior. Behav Brain Res 124:145–150[CrossRef][Medline]
Nagata A, Ito M, Iwata N, Kuno J, Takano H, Minowa O, Chihara K, Matsui T, Noda T 1996 G protein-coupled cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptors are responsible for physiological cell growth of the stomach mucosa in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:11825–11830
Naylor MJ, Ginsburg E, Iismaa TP, Vonderhaar BK, Wynick D, Ormandy CJ 2003 The neuropeptide galanin augments lobuloalveolar development. J Biol Chem 278:29145–29152
Noble F, Roques BP 2002 Phenotypes of mice with invalidation of cholecystokinin (CCK(1) or CCK(2)) receptors. Neuropeptides 36:157–170[CrossRef][Medline]
Ogawa T, Maeda K, Tonai S, Kobayashi T, Watanabe T, Okabe S 2003 Utilization of knockout mice to examine the potential role of gastric histamine H2-receptors in Menetrier’s disease. J Pharmacol Sci 91:61–70[CrossRef][Medline]
Ohinata K, Inui A, Asakawa A, Yoshikawa M 2001 Novel actions of proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP). Peptides 22:1809–1816[CrossRef][Medline]
Ohinata K, Inui A, Asakawa A, Wada K, Wada E, Yoshikawa M 2002 Albutensin A and complement C3a decrease food intake in mice. Peptides 23:127–133[CrossRef][Medline]
Ohki-Hamazaki H, Sakai Y, Kamata K, Ogura H, Okuyama S, Watase K, Yamada K, Wada K 1999 Functional properties of two bombesin-like peptide receptors revealed by the analysis of mice lacking neuromedin B receptor. J Neurosci 19:948–954
Ottewell PD, Watson AJ, Wang TC, Varro A, Dockray GJ, Pritchard DM 2003 Progastrin stimulates murine colonic epithelial mitosis after DNA damage. Gastroenterology 124:1348–1357[CrossRef][Medline]
Pamir N, Lynn FC, Buchan AM, Ehses J, Hinke SA, Pospisilik JA, Miyawaki K, Yamada Y, Seino Y, McIntosh CH, Pederson RA 2003 Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor null mice exhibit compensatory changes in the enteroinsular axis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284:E931–E939
Persson K, Gingerich RL, Nayak S, Wada K, Wada E, Ahren B 2000 Reduced GLP-1 and insulin responses and glucose intolerance after gastric glucose in GRP receptor-deleted mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279:E956–E962
Persson K, Pacini G, Sundler F, Ahren B 2002 Islet function phenotype in gastrin-releasing peptide receptor gene-deficient mice. Endocrinology 143:3717–3726
Piqueras L, Tache Y, Martinez V 2003 Somatostatin receptor type 2 mediates bombesin-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion in mice. J Physiol 549:889–901
Pommier B, Beslot F, Simon A, Pophillat M, Matsui T, Dauge V, Roques BP, Noble F 2002 Deletion of CCK2 receptor in mice results in an upregulation of the endogenous opioid system. J Neurosci 22:2005–2011
Ramirez JL, Mouchantaf R, Kumar U, Otero Corchon V, Rubinstein M, Low MJ, Patel YC 2002 Brain somatostatin receptors are up-regulated in somatostatin-deficient mice. Mol Endocrinol 16:1951–1963
Remaury A, Vita N, Gendreau S, Jung M, Arnone M, Poncelet M, Culouscou JM, Le Fur G, Soubrie P, Caput D, Shire D, Kopf M, Ferrara P 2002 Targeted inactivation of the neurotensin type 1 receptor reveals its role in body temperature control and feeding behavior but not in analgesia. Brain Res 953:63–72[CrossRef][Medline]
Samuelson LC, Hinkle KL 2003 Insights into the regulation of gastric acid secretion through analysis of genetically engineered mice. Annu Rev Physiol 65:383–400[CrossRef][Medline]
Sato N, Miyasaka K, Suzuki S, Kanai S, Ohta M, Kawanami T, Yoshida Y, Takiguchi S, Noda T, Takata Y, Funakoshi A 2003 Lack of cholecystokinin-A receptor enhanced gallstone formation: a study in CCK-A receptor gene knockout mice. Dig Dis Sci 48:1944–1947[CrossRef][Medline]
Schmitz F, Schmidt WE 1998 [Is gastrin trophic? Gastrin/ gastrin receptor "knockout" mice confirm the old hypothesis]. Z Gastroenterol 36:613–616[Medline]
Scrocchi LA, Hill ME, Saleh J, Perkins B, Drucker DJ 2000 Elimination of glucagon-like peptide 1R signaling does not modify weight gain and islet adaptation in mice with combined disruption of leptin and GLP-1 action. Diabetes 49:1552–1560[Abstract]
Shen ES, Hardenburg JL, Meade EH, Arey BJ, Merchenthaler I, Lopez FJ 1999 Estradiol induces galanin gene expression in the pituitary of the mouse in an estrogen receptor 
-dependent manner. Endocrinology 140:2628–2631
Shumyatsky GP, Tsvetkov E, Malleret G, Vronskaya S, Hatton M, Hampton L, Battey JF, Dulac C, Kandel ER, Bolshakov VY 2002 Identification of a signaling network in lateral nucleus of amygdala important for inhibiting memory specifically related to learned fear. Cell 111:905–918[CrossRef][Medline]
Smith-White MA, Iismaa TP, Potter EK 2003 Galanin and neuropeptide Y reduce cholinergic transmission in the heart of the anaesthetised mouse. Br J Pharmacol 140:170–178[CrossRef][Medline]
Strowski MZ, Parmar RM, Blake AD, Schaeffer JM 2000 Somatostatin inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion via two receptors subtypes: an in vitro study of pancreatic islets from somatostatin receptor 2 knockout mice. Endocrinology 141:111–117
Strowski MZ, Kohler M, Chen HY, Trumbauer ME, Li Z, Szalkowski D, Gopal-Truter S, Fisher JK, Schaeffer JM, Blake AD, Zhang BB, Wilkinson HA 2003 Somatostatin receptor subtype 5 regulates insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Mol Endocrinol 17:93–106
Sumi S, Tamura K 2000 Frontiers of pancreas regeneration. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 7:286–294[CrossRef][Medline]
Suzuki S, Takiguchi S, Sato N, Kanai S, Kawanami T, Yoshida Y, Miyasaka K, Takata Y, Funakoshi A, Noda T 2001 Importance of CCK-A receptor for gallbladder contraction and pancreatic secretion: a study in CCK-A receptor knockout mice. Jpn J Physiol 51:585–590[CrossRef][Medline]
Takiguchi S, Suzuki S, Sato Y, Kanai S, Miyasaka K, Jimi A, Shinozaki H, Takata Y, Funakoshi A, Kono A, Minowa O, Kobayashi T, Noda T 2002 Role of CCK-A receptor for pancreatic function in mice: a study in CCK-A receptor knockout mice. Pancreas 24:276–283[CrossRef][Medline]
Tanaka S, Hamada K, Yamada N, Sugita Y, Tonai S, Hunyady B, Palkovits M, Falus A, Watanabe T, Okabe S, Ohtsu H, Ichikawa A, Nagy A 2002 Gastric acid secretion in L-histidine decarboxylase-deficient mice. Gastroenterology 122:145–155[CrossRef][Medline]
Trivedi PG, Yu H, Trumbauer M, Chen H, Van der Ploeg LH, Guan X 2001 Differential regulation of neuropeptide Y receptors in the brains of NPY knock-out mice. Peptides 22:395–403[CrossRef][Medline]
Wada E, Watase K, Yamada K, Ogura H, Yamano M, Inomata Y, Eguchi J, Yamamoto K, Sunday ME, Maeno H, Mikoshiba K, Ohki-Hamazaki H, Wada K 1997 Generation and characterization of mice lacking gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 239:28–33[CrossRef][Medline]
Wada K, Wada E, Watase K, Yamada K, Ohki-Hamazaki H 1998 Bombesin, obesity, and social behavior. Mol Psychiatry 3:204–206[CrossRef][Medline]
Wang TC, Dockray GJ 1999 Lessons from genetically engineered animal models. I. Physiological studies with gastrin in transgenic mice. Am J Physiol 277:G6–11
Wong GT 2002 Speed congenics: applications for transgenic and knock-out mouse strains. Neuropeptides 36:230–236[CrossRef][Medline]
Wynick D, Thompson SW, McMahon SB 2001 The role of galanin as a multi-functional neuropeptide in the nervous system. Curr Opin Pharmacol 1:73–77[CrossRef][Medline]
Wynick D, Bacon A 2002 Targeted disruption of galanin: new insights from knock-out studies. Neuropeptides 36:132–144[CrossRef][Medline]
Yamada K, Wada E, Imaki J, Ohki-Hamazaki H, Wada K 1999 Hyperresponsiveness to palatable and aversive taste stimuli in genetically obese (bombesin receptor subtype-3-deficient) mice. Physiol Behav 66:863–867[CrossRef][Medline]
Yamada K, Wada E, Wada K 2000 Bombesin-like peptides: studies on food intake and social behaviour with receptor knock-out mice. Ann Med 32:519–529[Medline]
Yamada K, Wada E, Wada K 2000 Male mice lacking the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) display elevated preference for conspecific odors and increased social investigatory behaviors. Brain Res 870:20–26[CrossRef][Medline]
Yamada K, Wada E, Wada K 2001 Female gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R)-deficient mice exhibit altered social preference for male conspecifics: implications for GRP/GRP-R modulation of GABAergic function. Brain Res 894:281–287[CrossRef][Medline]
Yamada K, Santo-Yamada Y, Wada E, Wada K 2002 Role of bombesin (BN)-like peptides/receptors in emotional behavior by comparison of three strains of BN-like peptide receptor knockout mice. Mol Psychiatry 7:113–117, 116[CrossRef][Medline]
Yamada K, Santo-Yamada Y, Wada K 2002 Restraint stress impaired maternal behavior in female mice lacking the neuromedin B receptor (NMB-R) gene. Neurosci Lett 330:163–166[CrossRef][Medline]
Yamada K, Wada E, Yamano M, Sun YJ, Ohara-Imaizumi M, Nagamatsu S, Wada K 2002 Decreased marble burying behavior in female mice lacking neuromedin-B receptor (NMB-R) implies the involvement of NMB/NMB-R in 5-HT neuron function. Brain Res 942:71–78[CrossRef][Medline]
Zachariou V, Brunzell DH, Hawes J, Stedman DR, Bartfai T, Steiner RA, Wynick D, Langel U, Picciotto MR 2003 The neuropeptide galanin modulates behavioral and neurochemical signs of opiate withdrawal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:9028–9033
Zavros Y, Rieder G, Ferguson A, Samuelson LC, Merchant JL 2002 Hypergastrinemia in response to gastric inflammation suppresses somatostatin. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 282:G175–G183
Zeyda T, Diehl N, Paylor R, Brennan MB, Hochgeschwender U 2001 Impairment in motor learning of somatostatin null mutant mice. Brain Res 906:107–114[CrossRef][Medline]
Zhao CM, Wang X, Friis-Hansen L, Waldum HL, Halgunset J, Wadstrom T, Chen D 2003 Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection results in gastric hypoacidity and hypergastrinemia in wild-type mice but vagally induced hypersecretion in gastrin-deficient mice. Regul Pept 115:161–170[CrossRef][Medline]
Zheng H, Bailey A, Jiang MH, Honda K, Chen HY, Trumbauer ME, Van der Ploeg LH, Schaeffer JM, Leng G, Smith RG 1997 Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 knockout mice are refractory to growth hormone-negative feedback on arcuate neurons. Mol Endocrinol 11:1709–1717
Footnotes
1 We thank Mark R. Hellmich for providing this segment of the Genetically Modified Animals in Endocrinology Bibliography Project. Dr. Hellmich is with the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Texas. 
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