| Study (first author/ year/Ref.) |
HRT preparation |
Type of trial (duration in years) |
No. of patients |
Blinding |
Outcomes measured |
|
| Abrahamsen, 1997 (12 ) |
Trisequens |
Prevention (2) |
95 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine, forearm, femoral neck |
| Adami, 1989 (13 ) |
Transdermal estradiol 50 µg/d |
Prevention (1.5) |
34 |
Open |
BMD: Forearm |
| Agnusdei, 1990 (14 ) |
Premarin 0.625, 1-20, and cyclic provera |
Treatment (1) |
24 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Agnusdei, 1995 (15 ) |
CEE 0.3 mg and cyclic provera |
Prevention (1) |
83 |
Blind |
BMD: Distal forearm |
| Aloia, 1994 (16 ) |
CEE 0.625 mg and cyclic provera |
Prevention (2) |
118 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine, femur |
| Alexandersen, 1999 (70 ) |
Transdermal ß estradiol 50 µg/d Oral NETA, 1 mg/d |
Prevention (2) |
50 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, forearm, hip, femoral neck |
|
|
|
|
|
Fracture: Vertebral, nonvertebral |
| Cagnacci, 1991 (17 ) |
Transdermal ß estradiol 50 µg/d |
Prevention (2) |
40 |
Unclear |
BMD: Forearm |
| Castelo-Branco, 1992 (18 ) |
CEE 0.625 mg transdermal 17ß estradiol |
Prevention (1) |
99 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Castelo-Branco, 1993 (19 ) |
CEE 0.625 mg cyclic vs. continuous vs. cyclic transdermal estridol 50 µg |
Prevention (1) |
118 |
Unclear |
BMD: Forearm |
| Cheng, 1993 (20 ) |
Nylestriol 2 mg q 2 wk |
Prevention (1) |
283 |
Blind |
BMD: Forearm |
| Christiansen, 1981 (21 ) |
Trisequens forte |
Prevention (2) |
92 |
Blind |
BMD: Forearm |
| Christiansen, 1981 (22 ) |
Trisequens forte |
Treatment (1) |
264 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, forearm |
| Christiansen 1982 (23 ) |
High, medium, and low dose sequential 17ß estradiol and 1 mg NETA |
Prevention (1) |
100 |
Blind |
BMD: Forearm |
| Christiansen, 1990 (24 ) |
2 mg of 17ß estradiol |
Prevention (1) |
40 |
Blind |
BMD: Forearm |
| Civitelli, 1988 (25 ) |
CEE 1.25 mg dial |
Treatment (1) |
21 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Doren, 1995 (26 ) |
2 mg continuous estradiol valerate |
Prevention (2) |
210 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Ettinger, 1992 (27 ) |
0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg micronized estradiol |
Prevention (1.5) |
51 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Finn Jensen, 1982 (29 ) |
Trisequens |
Treatment (1) |
74 |
Blind |
BMD: Forearm |
| Filipponi, 1995 (28 ) |
Transcutaneous 17ß estradiol 50 µg/d |
Prevention (2) |
124 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Gallagher, 1991 (30 ) |
Premarin 0.3, 0.6 and provera 10 mg |
Prevention (2) |
81 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, forearm |
| Gambacciani, 1995 (31 ) |
Oral ethinylestradiol 20 µg/d |
Prevention (1) |
60 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine, forearm, total body |
| Gambacciani, 1997 (32 ) |
0.3 mg CEE |
Prevention (2) |
80 |
Unclear |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Genant, 1982 (33 ) |
CEE 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60 daily |
Prevention (2) |
37 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Genant, 1997 (34 ) |
Esterified estrogens 0.3, 0.625, 1.25 |
Prevention (2) |
406 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip |
| Gonnelli, 1997 (36 ) |
Transdermal 17ß estradiol 0.05 mg/d and cyclic provera |
Treatment (2) |
90 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Greenspan, 1998 (37 ) |
CEE 0.625 mg |
Prevention (2) |
425 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, femoral neck, total body |
|
|
|
|
|
Fractures: Vertebral |
| Harris, 1991 (38 ) |
0.3 or 0.625 mg of estrone sulfate d 1-25 |
Prevention (2) |
120 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Heikkinen, 1997 (39 ) |
2 mg estradiol valerate |
Prevention (2) |
78 |
Blind |
BMD: Femoral neck |
| Hesley, 1998 (40 ) |
17ß estradiol patch 0.025, 0.05, and 0.01 mg |
Prevention (2) |
91 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, forearm |
| Hosking, 1998 (42 ) |
CEE/Trisequens |
Prevention (4) |
1609 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine, forearm, hip |
|
|
|
|
|
Fractures: Nonvertebral |
| Horsman, 1977 (41 ) |
Ethinyl estradiol 25 or 50 µg |
Prevention (2) |
61 |
Open |
BMD: Forearm |
| Hully (HERS), 1998 (6 ) |
CEE 0.625/ provera |
Prevention (4) |
2764 |
Blind |
Fractures: Vertebral, nonvertebral |
| Isaia, 1989 (43 ) |
2 mg /d of estradiol valerate d 1-24 and 10 mg MPA d 14-24 |
Prevention (1) |
57 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Komulainen, 1997 (44 ) |
2 mg estradiol valerate |
Prevention (5) |
464 |
Open |
Fractures: Nonvertebral |
| Lindsay, 1976 (45 ) |
Mestranol 40 µg/d and gestranol 200 mg cyclic |
Prevention (5) |
– |
Open |
BMD: Metacarpal |
| Lindsay, 1978 (46 ) |
Mestranol 40 µg/d and cyclic gestranol |
Prevention (1) |
30 |
Open |
BMD: Metacarpal |
| Lindsay, 1984 (48 ) |
CEE 0.15, 0.3, 0.625, 1.25 |
Prevention (2) |
150 |
Blind |
BMD: Metacarpal |
| Lindsay, 1990 (49 ) |
CEE 0.625 mg/d and cyclic provera |
Treatment (2) |
50 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine, femoral neck |
| Lufkin, 1992 (8 ) |
Transdermal estradiol 0.1 |
Treatment (1) |
75 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
|
|
|
|
|
Fractures: Vertebral |
| MacIntyre, 1988 (51 ) |
Percutaneous estrogel—3 mg of 17 E2 /cyclicprogesterone 300 mg |
Prevention (2) |
70 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Marslew, 1991 (52 ) |
17ß estradiol 1.5 mg/d |
Prevention (2) |
73 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, forearm |
| Marslew, 1992 (53 ) |
Estradiol valerate 2 mg |
Prevention (2) |
62 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, forearm, calcaneus |
| Meschia, 1993 (54 ) |
CEE 1.25 mg/d |
Prevention (2) |
95 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Mizunuma, 1997 (55 ) |
CEE 0.3 and 0.625 with 2.5 mg MPA |
Prevention (2) |
52 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine, femoral neck |
| Munk-Jensen, 1988 (56 ) |
Continuous vs. sequential treatment of 2 mg estradiol and 1 mg norethisterone |
Prevention (1) |
151 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, forearm |
| Palacios, 1995 (57 ) |
1.5 mg/d of percutaneous 17ß Estradiol or 0.625 mg of CEE |
Prevention (1) |
68 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Parez-Jaraiz, 1996 (58 ) |
17ß Estradiol 50 µg/d and 10 mg MPA for 10 d |
Treatment (1) |
104 |
Open |
BMD: Total body |
| PEPI, 1996 (59 ) |
CEE 0.625 mg, CEE 0.625/ cyclic MPA, CEE 0.625 mg/continuous MPA |
Prevention (3) |
– |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, hip |
|
CEE 0.625/ micronized 200 mg for d 1-12 |
|
|
|
|
| Recker, 1977 (60 ) |
CEE 0.625 mg/d 1-21 and methyltestosterone 5 mg |
Prevention (2) |
60 |
Open |
BMD: Forearm |
| Resch, 1990 (61 ) |
Trisequens—estradiol 2 mg and norsthisterone acetate 1 mg daily |
Treatment (1) |
31 |
Blind |
BMD: Forearm |
| Riis, 1987 (62 ) |
3 mg of 17ß estradiol d 1-24 |
Prevention (2) |
53 |
Blind |
BMD: Forearm, total body |
| Riis, 1987 (63 ) |
Estradiol cream and oral progesterone 200 mg in 2nd yr |
Prevention (2) |
76 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, forearm |
| Riis, 1988 (64 ) |
2 mg estradiol, 1 mg NETA |
Prevention (2) |
49 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, forearm, total body |
| Rosen, 1997 (65 ) |
CEE 0.625 mg/cyclic MPA |
Prevention (2) |
236 |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine, femoral neck |
| Speroff, 1996 (66 ) |
EE2 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 µg and NA 1.0 mg |
Prevention (2) |
– |
Blind |
BMD: Lumbar spine |
| Wimalawansa, 1995 (68 ) |
Estrogel 2.5 g/d and micronized progestrone |
Prevention (2) |
58 |
Unclear |
BMD: Lumbar spine, femoral neck |
| Wimalawansa, 1998 (69 ) |
Premarin 0.625 mg |
Treatment (4) |
72 |
Open |
BMD: Lumbar spine, hip |
|
|
|
|
|
Fractures: Vertebral, nonvertebral |
|
