Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement
Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis,
Jean-Pierre Bourguignon,
Linda C. Giudice,
Russ Hauser,
Gail S. Prins,
Ana M. Soto,
R. Thomas Zoeller and
Andrea C. Gore
Endocrine Section of First Department of Medicine (E.D.-K.), Laiko Hospital, Medical School University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Department of Pediatrics (J.-P.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (L.C.G.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94131; Department of Environmental Health (R.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Urology (G.S.P.), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (A.M.S.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; and Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
Correspondence: Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Andrea C. Gore, Ph.D., The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, 1 University Station, A1915, Austin, Texas 78712. E-mail: andrea.gore{at}mail.utexas.edu.
There is growing interest in the possible health threat posedby endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are substancesin our environment, food, and consumer products that interferewith hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action resulting ina deviation from normal homeostatic control or reproduction.In this first Scientific Statement of The Endocrine Society,we present the evidence that endocrine disruptors have effectson male and female reproduction, breast development and cancer,prostate cancer, neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism andobesity, and cardiovascular endocrinology. Results from animalmodels, human clinical observations, and epidemiological studiesconverge to implicate EDCs as a significant concern to publichealth. The mechanisms of EDCs involve divergent pathways including(but not limited to) estrogenic, antiandrogenic, thyroid, peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor , retinoid, and actions throughother nuclear receptors; steroidogenic enzymes; neurotransmitterreceptors and systems; and many other pathways that are highlyconserved in wildlife and humans, and which can be modeled inlaboratory in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, EDCs representa broad class of molecules such as organochlorinated pesticidesand industrial chemicals, plastics and plasticizers, fuels,and many other chemicals that are present in the environmentor are in widespread use. We make a number of recommendationsto increase understanding of effects of EDCs, including enhancingincreased basic and clinical research, invoking the precautionaryprinciple, and advocating involvement of individual and scientificsociety stakeholders in communicating and implementing changesin public policy and awareness.
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, retinoid, and actions through other nuclear receptors; steroidogenic enzymes; neurotransmitter receptors and systems; and many other pathways that are highly conserved in wildlife and humans, and which can be modeled in laboratory in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, EDCs represent a broad class of molecules such as organochlorinated pesticides and industrial chemicals, plastics and plasticizers, fuels, and many other chemicals that are present in the environment or are in widespread use. We make a number of recommendations to increase understanding of effects of EDCs, including enhancing increased basic and clinical research, invoking the precautionary principle, and advocating involvement of individual and scientific society stakeholders in communicating and implementing changes in public policy and awareness. 
