Marc-Andre Cornier,
Dana Dabelea,
Teri L. Hernandez,
Rachel C. Lindstrom,
Amy J. Steig,
Nicole R. Stob,
Rachael E. Van Pelt,
Hong Wang and
Robert H. Eckel
University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
Correspondence: Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Marc-Andre Cornier, M.D., University of Colorado Denver, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Mail Stop 8106, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Room 7103, Aurora, Colorado 80045. E-mail: marc.cornier{at}ucdenver.edu.
The "metabolic syndrome" (MetS) is a clustering of componentsthat reflect overnutrition, sedentary lifestyles, and resultantexcess adiposity. The MetS includes the clustering of abdominalobesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and elevated bloodpressure and is associated with other comorbidities includingthe prothrombotic state, proinflammatory state, nonalcoholicfatty liver disease, and reproductive disorders. Because theMetS is a cluster of different conditions, and not a singledisease, the development of multiple concurrent definitionshas resulted. The prevalence of the MetS is increasing to epidemicproportions not only in the United States and the remainderof the urbanized world but also in developing nations. Moststudies show that the MetS is associated with an approximatedoubling of cardiovascular disease risk and a 5-fold increasedrisk for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although it is unclearwhether there is a unifying pathophysiological mechanism resultingin the MetS, abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance appearto be central to the MetS and its individual components. Lifestylemodification and weight loss should, therefore, be at the coreof treating or preventing the MetS and its components. In addition,there is a general consensus that other cardiac risk factorsshould be aggressively managed in individuals with the MetS.Finally, in 2008 the MetS is an evolving concept that continuesto be data driven and evidence based with revisions forthcoming.
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