Adipose Tissue-Derived Factors: Impact on Health and Disease
Maria E. Trujillo and
Philipp E. Scherer
Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461
Correspondence: Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Philipp E. Scherer, Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461. E-mail: scherer{at}aecom.yu.edu
The endocrine functions of the adipose organ are widely studiedat this stage. The adipose organ, and in particular adipocytes,communicate with almost all other organs. Although some adiposetissue pads assume the functions as distinct "miniorgans," adipocytescan also be present in smaller numbers interspersed with othercell types. Although fat pads have the potential to have a significantsystemic impact, adipocytes may also affect neighboring tissuesthrough paracrine interactions. These local or systemic effectsare mediated through lipid and protein factors. The proteinfactors are commonly referred to as adipokines. Their expressionand posttranslational modifications can undergo dramatic changesunder different metabolic conditions.
Due to the fact that none of the mutations that affect adiposetissue trigger embryonic lethality, the study of adipose tissuephysiology lends itself to genetic analysis in mice. In fact,life in the complete absence of adipose tissue is possible ina laboratory setting, making even the most extreme adipose tissuephenotypes genetically amenable to be analyzed by disruptionof specific genes or overexpression of others.
Here, we briefly discuss some basic aspects of adipocyte physiologyand the systemic impact of adipocyte-derived factors on energyhomeostasis.
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