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Role of Adipose Tissue as an Inflammatory Organ in Human Diseases

Department of Internal Medicine I (A.S., J.S., C.B.), University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany; and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (U.M.-L.), University of Giessen, 61231 Giessen, Germany

Correspondence: Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: A. Schäffler, M.D., Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany. E-mail: andreas.schaeffler{at}klinik.uni-regensburg.de

Reviews on the inflammatory role of adipose tissue outside the field of metabolism are rare. There is increasing evidence provided by numerous basic research studies from nearly all internal medicine subspecializations that adipocytes and adipocytokines are involved in primary inflammatory processes and diseases. Therefore, it is the aim of the present review to discuss and to summarize the current knowledge on the inflammatory role of adipocytokines and special types of regional adipocytes such as retroorbital, synovial, visceral, subdermal, peritoneal, and bone marrow adipocytes in internal medicine diseases. Future clinical and therapeutic implications are discussed.

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