Roles of Skeletal Muscle and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the Development and Treatment of Obesity
Joaquín López-Soriano,
Chiara Chiellini,
Margherita Maffei,
Paul A. Grimaldi and
Josep M. Argilés
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.-S., C.C., M.M.), Section of Endocrinology, Ospedale di Cisanello, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-636 (P.A.G.), Centre de Biochimie, Parc Valrose, Nice 06108, France; and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular (J.L.-S., J.M.A.), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08071, Spain
Correspondence: Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Josep M. Argilés, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08071, Spain. E-mail: argiles{at}porthos.bio.ub.es
Metabolic disturbances associated with alterations in lipidmetabolism, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and syndrome X,are becoming more and more prominent in Western societies. Despiteextensive research in such pathologies and their molecular basis,we are still far from completely understanding how these metabolicperturbations are produced and interrelate and, consequently,how to treat them efficiently. The discovery that adipose tissueis, in fact, an endocrine tissue able to secrete active moleculesrelated to lipid homeostasisthe adipokineshasdramatically changed our understanding of the molecular eventsthat take place in such diseases. This knowledge has been furtherimproved by the discovery of peroxisome proliferator-activatedreceptors and their ligands, at present commonly used for theclinical treatment of lipid disturbances. However, a key pointremains to be solved, and that is the role of muscle lipid metabolism,notably because of the main role played by this tissue in thedevelopment of such pathologies. In addition, a reciprocal regulationbetween adipose tissue and skeletal muscle has been proposed.New discoveries on the role of peroxisome proliferator-activatedreceptor- in skeletal muscle functions as well as the secretorycapabilities of muscle, now considered as an endocrine tissue,have changed the general point of view on lipid homeostasis,opening new and promising doors for the treatment of lipid disorders.
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