Somatotropic and Gonadotropic Axes Linkages in Infancy, Childhood, and the Puberty-Adult Transition
Johannes D. Veldhuis,
James N. Roemmich,
Erick J. Richmond and
Cyril Y. Bowers
Endocrine Research Unit (J.D.V.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Medical School, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, General Clinical Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Pediatrics (J.N.R.), State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214-3000; Pediatric Endocrinology (E.J.R.), National Children’s Hospital, San Jose 1000, Costa Rica; and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (C.Y.B.), Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699
Correspondence: Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Johannes D. Veldhuis, Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Medical School, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, General Clinical Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905. E-mail: Veldhuis.Johannes{at}mayo.edu
Integrative neuroendocrine control of the gonadotropic and somatotropicaxes in childhood, puberty, and young adulthood proceeds viamultiple convergent and divergent pathways in the human andexperimental animal. Emerging ensemble concepts are requiredto embody independent, parallel, and interacting mechanismsthat subserve physiological adaptations and pathological disruptionof reproduction and growth. Significant advances in systemsbiology will be needed to address these challenges.
This article has been cited by other articles:
S. B. Hudson, D. R. Schroeder, J. N. Bailey, K. L. Mielke, D. Erickson, J. M. Miles, C. Y. Bowers, and J. D. Veldhuis Pre- Versus Postmenopausal Age, Estradiol, and Peptide-Secretagogue Type Determine Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion in Healthy Women: Studies Using Submaximal Agonist Drive and an Estrogen Clamp
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
January 1, 2010;
95(1):
353 - 360.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. Kyriakakou, A. Malamitsi-Puchner, G. Mastorakos, T. Boutsikou, D. Hassiakos, I. Papassotiriou, and C. Kanaka-Gantenbein The Role of IGF-1 and Ghrelin in the Compensation of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Reproductive Sciences,
December 1, 2009;
16(12):
1193 - 1200.
[Abstract][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis, F. Roelfsema, A. Iranmanesh, B. J. Carroll, D. M. Keenan, and S. M. Pincus Basal, Pulsatile, Entropic (Patterned), and Spiky (Staccato-like) Properties of ACTH Secretion: Impact of Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
October 1, 2009;
94(10):
4045 - 4052.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. Maliqueo, T. Sir-Petermann, V. Perez, B. Echiburu, A. Ladron de Guevara, C. Galvez, N. Crisosto, and R. Azziz Adrenal Function during Childhood and Puberty in Daughters of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
September 1, 2009;
94(9):
3282 - 3288.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D Veldhuis, D. M Keenan, J. N Bailey, J. M Miles, and C. Y Bowers Preservation of GHRH and GH-releasing peptide-2 efficacy in young men with experimentally induced hypogonadism
Eur. J. Endocrinol.,
August 1, 2009;
161(2):
293 - 300.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis, S. B. Hudson, D. Erickson, J. N. Bailey, G. A. Reynolds, and C. Y. Bowers Relative effects of estrogen, age, and visceral fat on pulsatile growth hormone secretion in healthy women
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
August 1, 2009;
297(2):
E367 - E374.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis, S. A. Hudson, J. N. Bailey, and D. Erickson Regulation of basal, pulsatile, and entropic (patterned) modes of GH secretion in a putatively low-somatostatin milieu in women
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
August 1, 2009;
297(2):
E483 - E489.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
P. Y. Liu, D. M. Keenan, P. Kok, V. Padmanabhan, K. T. O'Byrne, and J. D. Veldhuis Sensitivity and specificity of pulse detection using a new deconvolution method
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
August 1, 2009;
297(2):
E538 - E544.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
D. M. Keenan, F. Roelfsema, B. J. Carroll, A. Iranmanesh, and J. D. Veldhuis Sex defines the age dependence of endogenous ACTH-cortisol dose responsiveness
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol,
August 1, 2009;
297(2):
R515 - R523.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis and C. Y. Bowers Factors Other than Sex Steroids Modulate GHRH and GHRP-2 Efficacies in Men: Evaluation Using a GnRH Agonist/Testosterone Clamp
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
July 1, 2009;
94(7):
2544 - 2550.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis, D. M. Keenan, J. N. Bailey, A. M. Adeniji, J. M. Miles, and C. Y. Bowers Novel Relationships of Age, Visceral Adiposity, Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF Binding Protein Concentrations to Growth Hormone (GH) Releasing-Hormone and GH Releasing-Peptide Efficacies in Men during Experimental Hypogonadal Clamp
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
June 1, 2009;
94(6):
2137 - 2143.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
G. Fanciulli, A. Delitala, and G. Delitala Growth hormone, menopause and ageing: no definite evidence for 'rejuvenation' with growth hormone
Hum. Reprod. Update,
May 1, 2009;
15(3):
341 - 358.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis and C. Y. Bowers Determinants of GH-releasing hormone and GH-releasing peptide synergy in men
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
May 1, 2009;
296(5):
E1085 - E1092.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
N. Moller and J. O. L. Jorgensen Effects of Growth Hormone on Glucose, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism in Human Subjects
Endocr. Rev.,
April 1, 2009;
30(2):
152 - 177.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis, K. L. Mielke, M. Cosma, C. Soares-Welch, R. Paulo, J. M. Miles, and C. Y. Bowers Aromatase and 5{alpha}-Reductase Inhibition during an Exogenous Testosterone Clamp Unveils Selective Sex Steroid Modulation of Somatostatin and Growth Hormone Secretagogue Actions in Healthy Older Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
March 1, 2009;
94(3):
973 - 981.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis, D. M. Keenan, J. N. Bailey, A. Adeniji, J. M. Miles, R. Paulo, M. Cosma, and C. Soares-Welch Testosterone Supplementation in Older Men Restrains Insulin-Like Growth Factor's Dose-Dependent Feedback Inhibition of Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
January 1, 2009;
94(1):
246 - 254.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis, D. M. Keenan, and S. M. Pincus Motivations and Methods for Analyzing Pulsatile Hormone Secretion
Endocr. Rev.,
December 1, 2008;
29(7):
823 - 864.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
K. Clement, B. Dubern, M. Mencarelli, P. Czernichow, S. Ito, K. Wakamatsu, G. S. Barsh, C. Vaisse, and J. Leger Unexpected Endocrine Features and Normal Pigmentation in a Young Adult Patient Carrying a Novel Homozygous Mutation in the POMC Gene
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
December 1, 2008;
93(12):
4955 - 4962.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A. Weltman, J. Y. Weltman, D. D. Watson Winfield, K. Frick, J. Patrie, P. Kok, D. M. Keenan, G. A. Gaesser, and J. D. Veldhuis Effects of Continuous Versus Intermittent Exercise, Obesity, and Gender on Growth Hormone Secretion
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
December 1, 2008;
93(12):
4711 - 4720.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
I. Torres-Aleman Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Dementia: Current Concepts and New Trends
Endocrinology,
December 1, 2008;
149(12):
5952 - 5957.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D Veldhuis and D. M Keenan Secretagogues govern GH secretory-burst waveform and mass in healthy eugonadal and short-term hypogonadal men
Eur. J. Endocrinol.,
November 1, 2008;
159(5):
547 - 554.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
R. C. Paulo, R. Brundage, M. Cosma, K. L. Mielke, C. Y. Bowers, and J. D. Veldhuis Estrogen Elevates the Peak Overnight Production Rate of Acylated Ghrelin
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
November 1, 2008;
93(11):
4440 - 4447.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis, D. M. Keenan, J. N. Bailey, A. Adeniji, J. M. Miles, R. Paulo, M. Cosma, and C. Soares-Welch Estradiol Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women Attenuates Suppression of Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion by Recombinant Human Insulin-like Growth Factor Type I
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
November 1, 2008;
93(11):
4471 - 4478.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
P. Kok, R. C. Paulo, M. Cosma, K. L. Mielke, J. M. Miles, C. Y. Bowers, and J. D. Veldhuis Estrogen Supplementation Selectively Enhances Hypothalamo-Pituitary Sensitivity to Ghrelin in Postmenopausal Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
October 1, 2008;
93(10):
4020 - 4026.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. W Gillman The first months of life: a critical period for development of obesity
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition,
June 1, 2008;
87(6):
1587 - 1589.
[Full Text][PDF]
R. C. Paulo, M. Cosma, C. Soares-Welch, J. N. Bailey, K. L. Mielke, J. M. Miles, C. Y. Bowers, and J. D. Veldhuis Gonadal Status and Body Mass Index Jointly Determine Growth Hormone (GH)-Releasing Hormone/GH-Releasing Peptide Synergy in Healthy Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
March 1, 2008;
93(3):
944 - 950.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. Cosma, J. Bailey, J. M. Miles, C. Y. Bowers, and J. D. Veldhuis Pituitary and/or Peripheral Estrogen-Receptor {alpha} Regulates Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion, Whereas Central Estrogenic Pathways Direct Growth Hormone and Prolactin Secretion in Postmenopausal Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
March 1, 2008;
93(3):
951 - 958.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
V. Chandrashekar, C. R. Dawson, E. R. Martin, J. S. Rocha, A. Bartke, and J. J. Kopchick Age-Related Alterations in Pituitary and Testicular Functions in Long-Lived Growth Hormone Receptor Gene-Disrupted Mice
Endocrinology,
December 1, 2007;
148(12):
6019 - 6025.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. Leger, I. Mercat, C. Alberti, D. Chevenne, P. Armoogum, J. Tichet, and P. Czernichow The relationship between the GH/IGF-I axis and serum markers of bone turnover metabolism in healthy children
Eur. J. Endocrinol.,
November 1, 2007;
157(5):
685 - 692.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
P. Y. Liu, A. Iranmanesh, D. M. Keenan, S. M. Pincus, and J. D. Veldhuis A noninvasive measure of negative-feedback strength, approximate entropy, unmasks strong diurnal variations in the regularity of LH secretion
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
November 1, 2007;
293(5):
E1409 - E1415.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis, D. M. Keenan, and C. Y. Bowers Peripheral estrogen receptor-{alpha} selectively modulates the waveform of GH secretory bursts in healthy women
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol,
October 1, 2007;
293(4):
R1514 - R1521.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A. Iranmanesh, P. C. Carpenter, K. Mielke, C. Y. Bowers, and J. D. Veldhuis Putative Somatostatin Suppression Potentiates Adrenocorticotropin Secretion Driven by Ghrelin and Human Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
September 1, 2007;
92(9):
3653 - 3659.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis, D. M. Keenan, and C. Y. Bowers Estimation of the size and shape of GH secretory bursts in healthy women using a physiological estradiol clamp and variable-waveform deconvolution model
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol,
September 1, 2007;
293(3):
R1013 - R1021.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
T. S. Hannon, K. Danadian, C. Suprasongsin, and S. A. Arslanian Growth Hormone Treatment in Adolescent Males with Idiopathic Short Stature: Changes in Body Composition, Protein, Fat, and Glucose Metabolism
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
August 1, 2007;
92(8):
3033 - 3039.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis, M. Cosma, D. Erickson, R. Paulo, K. Mielke, L. S. Farhy, and C. Y. Bowers Tripartite Control of Growth Hormone Secretion in Women during Controlled Estradiol Repletion
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
June 1, 2007;
92(6):
2336 - 2345.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. Sun, K. Devish, W. J. Langer, P. K. Carmines, and P. H. Lane Testosterone treatment promotes tubular damage in experimental diabetes in prepubertal rats
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol,
June 1, 2007;
292(6):
F1681 - F1690.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
L. S. Farhy, C. Y. Bowers, and J. D. Veldhuis Model-projected mechanistic bases for sex differences in growth hormone regulation in humans
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol,
April 1, 2007;
292(4):
R1577 - R1593.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Veldhuis, D. M. Keenan, A. Iranmanesh, K. Mielke, J. M. Miles, and C. Y. Bowers Estradiol Potentiates Ghrelin-Stimulated Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion in Postmenopausal Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
September 1, 2006;
91(9):
3559 - 3565.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
