Henry N. Jabbour,
Rodney W. Kelly,
Hamish M. Fraser and
Hilary O. D. Critchley
Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit (H.N.J., R.W.K., H.M.F.), and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences (H.O.D.C.), University of Edinburgh, Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
Correspondence: Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Henry N. Jabbour, Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom. E-mail: h.jabbour{at}hrsu.mrc.ac.uk
In women, endometrial morphology and function undergo characteristicchanges every menstrual cycle. These changes are crucial forperpetuation of the species and are orchestrated to preparethe endometrium for implantation of a conceptus. In the absenceof pregnancy, the human endometrium is sloughed off at menstruationover a period of a few days. Tissue repair, growth, angiogenesis,differentiation, and receptivity ensue to prepare the endometriumfor implantation in the next cycle. Ovarian sex steroids throughinteraction with different cognate nuclear receptors regulatethe expression of a cascade of local factors within the endometriumthat act in an autocrine/paracrine and even intracrine manner.Such interactions initiate complex events within the endometriumthat are crucial for implantation and, in the absence thereof,normal menstruation. A clearer understanding of regulation ofnormal endometrial function will provide an insight into causesof menstrual dysfunction such as menorrhagia (heavy menstrualbleeding) and dysmenorrhea (painful periods). The molecularpathways that precipitate these pathologies remain largely undefined.Future research efforts to provide greater insight into thesepathways will lead to the development of novel drugs that wouldtarget identified aberrations in expression and/or of localuterine factors that are crucial for normal endometrial function.
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