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The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System and Its Pleiotropic Functions in Brain

Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (V.C.R., G.A.W.), Centre for Hormone Research, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (V.C.R., G.A.W.), University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; Liggins Institute and National Research Centre for Growth and Development (P.D.G.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1020, New Zealand; and Department of Neurology (E.L.F.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109

Correspondence: Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Vincenzo C. Russo, Ph.D., Centre for Hormone Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. E-mail: vince.russo{at}mcri.edu.au

In recent years, much interest has been devoted to defining the role of the IGF system in the nervous system. The ubiquitous IGFs, their cell membrane receptors, and their carrier binding proteins, the IGFBPs, are expressed early in the development of the nervous system and are therefore considered to play a key role in these processes. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the IGF system promotes differentiation and proliferation and sustains survival, preventing apoptosis of neuronal and brain derived cells. Furthermore, studies of transgenic mice overexpressing components of the IGF system or mice with disruptions of the same genes have clearly shown that the IGF system plays a key role in vivo.

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