help button home button Endocrine Society Endocrine Reviews
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Endocrine Reviews, doi:10.1210/er.2004-0027
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Reprints, Permissions and Rights
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Koehler, K. F.
Right arrow Articles by Gustafsson, J.-A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Koehler, K. F.
Right arrow Articles by Gustafsson, J.-A.
Endocrine Reviews 26 (3): 465-478
Copyright © 2005 by The Endocrine Society

Reflections on the Discovery and Significance of Estrogen Receptor ß

Konrad F. Koehler, Luisa A. Helguero, Lars-Arne Haldosén, Margaret Warner and Jan-Åke Gustafsson

KaroBio AB (K.F.K.), Novum, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden; and Department of BioSciences and Medical Nutrition (L.A.H., L.-A.H., M.W., J.-Å.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Novum, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden

Correspondence: Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Jan-Åke Gustafsson, Department of BioSciences and Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden. E-mail: jan-ake.gustafsson{at}mednut.ki.se

We have known for many years that estrogen is more than the female hormone. It is essential in the male gonads, and in both sexes, estrogen has functions in the skeleton and central nervous system, on behavior, and in the cardiovascular and immune systems. An important aspect of the discovery of estrogen receptor (ER) ß is that the diverse functions of estrogen can now be divided into those mediated by ER{alpha} and those mediated by ERß. Pharmacological exploitation of this division of the labors of estrogen is facilitated by the ligand-binding specificity and selective tissue distribution of the two ERs. Because the ligand binding domains of ER{alpha} and ERß are significantly different from each other, selective ligands can be (and have been) developed to target the estrogenic pathway that is malfunctioning, without interfering with the other estrogen-regulated pathways. Because of the absence of ERß from the adult pituitary and endometrium, ERß agonists can be used to target ERß with no risk of adverse effects from chemical castration and uterine cancer. Some of the diseases in which there is hope that ERß agonists will be of benefit are prostate cancer, autoimmune diseases, colon cancer, malignancies of the immune system, and neurodegeneration.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Mol Hum ReprodHome page
A. Khattri, R.K. Pandey, N.J. Gupta, B. Chakravarty, M. Deenadayal, L. Singh, and K. Thangaraj
Estrogen receptor {beta} gene mutations in Indian infertile men
Mol. Hum. Reprod., August 1, 2009; 15(8): 513 - 520.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. P. A. Barros, C. Gabbi, A. Morani, M. Warner, and J.-A. Gustafsson
Participation of ER{alpha} and ER{beta} in glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2009; 297(1): E124 - E133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S.-H. Yang, S. N. Sarkar, R. Liu, E. J. Perez, X. Wang, Y. Wen, L.-J. Yan, and J. W. Simpkins
Estrogen Receptor {beta} as a Mitochondrial Vulnerability Factor
J. Biol. Chem., April 3, 2009; 284(14): 9540 - 9548.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
M. Kouzu-Fujita, Y. Mezaki, S. Sawatsubashi, T. Matsumoto, I. Yamaoka, T. Yano, Y. Taketani, H. Kitagawa, and S. Kato
Coactivation of Estrogen Receptor {beta} by Gonadotropin-Induced Cofactor GIOT-4
Mol. Cell. Biol., January 1, 2009; 29(1): 83 - 92.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
B. R. Bhavnani, S.-P. Tam, and X. Lu
Structure Activity Relationships and Differential Interactions and Functional Activity of Various Equine Estrogens Mediated via Estrogen Receptors (ERs) ER{alpha} and ER{beta}
Endocrinology, October 1, 2008; 149(10): 4857 - 4870.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
T. L. McCarthy, M. E. Clough, C. M. Gundberg, and M. Centrella
Expression of an estrogen receptor agonist in differentiating osteoblast cultures
PNAS, May 13, 2008; 105(19): 7022 - 7027.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
M. C. Antal, A. Krust, P. Chambon, and M. Mark
Sterility and absence of histopathological defects in nonreproductive organs of a mouse ER{beta}-null mutant
PNAS, February 19, 2008; 105(7): 2433 - 2438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
N. Ben-Jonathan, C. R. LaPensee, and E. W. LaPensee
What Can We Learn from Rodents about Prolactin in Humans?
Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2008; 29(1): 1 - 41.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
K. W. Nettles, G. Gil, J. Nowak, R. Metivier, V. B. Sharma, and G. L. Greene
CBP Is a Dosage-Dependent Regulator of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Suppression by the Estrogen Receptor
Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2008; 22(2): 263 - 272.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
M. M. McCARTHY
Estradiol and the Developing Brain
Physiol Rev, January 1, 2008; 88(1): 91 - 134.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. M. Wang, L. Liu, and R. D. Brinton
Estradiol-17 -Induced Human Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation Is Mediated by an Estrogen Receptor -Phosphorylated Extracellularly Regulated Kinase Pathway
Endocrinology, January 1, 2008; 149(1): 208 - 218.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
A. Cvoro, D. Tatomer, M.-K. Tee, T. Zogovic, H. A. Harris, and D. C. Leitman
Selective Estrogen Receptor- Agonists Repress Transcription of Proinflammatory Genes
J. Immunol., January 1, 2008; 180(1): 630 - 636.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. Kawagoe, M. Ohmichi, S. Tsutsumi, T. Ohta, K. Takahashi, and H. Kurachi
Mechanism of the Divergent Effects of Estrogen on the Cell Proliferation of Human Umbilical Endothelial Versus Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells
Endocrinology, December 1, 2007; 148(12): 6092 - 6099.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
S. Ray, F. Xu, P. Li, N. S. Sanchez, H. Wang, and S. K. Das
Increased Level of Cellular Bip Critically Determines Estrogenic Potency for a Xenoestrogen Kepone in the Mouse Uterus
Endocrinology, October 1, 2007; 148(10): 4774 - 4785.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
M Alevizaki, K Saltiki, A Cimponeriu, I Kanakakis, N Xita, C C Alevizaki, I Georgiou, and H-L Sarika
Severity of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women: associations with common estrogen receptor {alpha} polymorphic variants
Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2007; 156(4): 489 - 496.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
P. Galluzzo, F. Caiazza, S. Moreno, and M. Marino
Role of ER{beta} palmitoylation in the inhibition of human colon cancer cell proliferation
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, March 1, 2007; 14(1): 153 - 167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Genes Dev.Home page
K. D. Baker, R. B. Beckstead, D. J. Mangelsdorf, and C. S. Thummel
Functional interactions between the Moses corepressor and DHR78 nuclear receptor regulate growth in Drosophila
Genes & Dev., February 15, 2007; 21(4): 450 - 464.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
Q. Ji, L. Chang, F. Z. Stanczyk, M. Ookhtens, A. Sherrod, and A. Stolz
Impaired Dihydrotestosterone Catabolism in Human Prostate Cancer: Critical Role of AKR1C2 as a Pre-Receptor Regulator of Androgen Receptor Signaling
Cancer Res., February 1, 2007; 67(3): 1361 - 1369.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. Cvoro, S. Paruthiyil, J. O. Jones, C. Tzagarakis-Foster, N. J. Clegg, D. Tatomer, R. T. Medina, M. Tagliaferri, F. Schaufele, T. S. Scanlan, et al.
Selective Activation of Estrogen Receptor-{beta} Transcriptional Pathways by an Herbal Extract
Endocrinology, February 1, 2007; 148(2): 538 - 547.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
H. A. Harris
Estrogen Receptor-{beta}: Recent Lessons from in Vivo Studies
Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2007; 21(1): 1 - 13.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
S. Rice and S. A Whitehead
Phytoestrogens and breast cancer -promoters or protectors?
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2006; 13(4): 995 - 1015.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
U. Ohnemus, M. Uenalan, J. Inzunza, J.-A. Gustafsson, and R. Paus
The Hair Follicle as an Estrogen Target and Source
Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2006; 27(6): 677 - 706.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
B. N. Duong, S. Elliott, D. E. Frigo, L. I. Melnik, L. Vanhoy, S. Tomchuck, H. P. Lebeau, O. David, B. S. Beckman, J. Alam, et al.
AKT Regulation of Estrogen Receptor {beta} Transcriptional Activity in Breast Cancer.
Cancer Res., September 1, 2006; 66(17): 8373 - 8381.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CarcinogenesisHome page
N. L. Nock, M. S. Cicek, L. Li, X. Liu, B. A. Rybicki, A. Moreira, S. J. Plummer, G. Casey, and J. S. Witte
Polymorphisms in estrogen bioactivation, detoxification and oxidative DNA base excision repair genes and prostate cancer risk
Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2006; 27(9): 1842 - 1848.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
Y.-K. Leung, P. Mak, S. Hassan, and S.-M. Ho
Estrogen receptor (ER)-beta isoforms: A key to understanding ER-beta signaling
PNAS, August 29, 2006; 103(35): 13162 - 13167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
N. Yaal-Hahoshen, S. Shina, L. Leider-Trejo, I. Barnea, E. L. Shabtai, E. Azenshtein, I. Greenberg, I. Keydar, and A. Ben-Baruch
The Chemokine CCL5 as a Potential Prognostic Factor Predicting Disease Progression in Stage II Breast Cancer Patients
Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2006; 12(15): 4474 - 4480.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
J. A Riancho, M. T Zarrabeitia, C. Valero, C. Sanudo, V. Mijares, and J. Gonzalez-Macias
A gene-to-gene interaction between aromatase and estrogen receptors influences bone mineral density.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2006; 155(1): 53 - 59.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. C. Christian, P. Y. Liu, S. Harrington, M. Ruan, V. M. Miller, and L. A. Fitzpatrick
Intimal Estrogen Receptor (ER){beta}, But Not ER{alpha} Expression, Is Correlated with Coronary Calcification and Atherosclerosis in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2006; 91(7): 2713 - 2720.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
M Marino, P Galluzzo, S Leone, F Acconcia, and P Ascenzi
Nitric oxide impairs the 17{beta}-estradiol-induced apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cells.
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, June 1, 2006; 13(2): 559 - 569.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
T. Li, F. Sotgia, M. A. Vuolo, M. Li, W. C. Yang, R. G. Pestell, J. A. Sparano, and M. P. Lisanti
Caveolin-1 Mutations in Human Breast Cancer: Functional Association with Estrogen Receptor {alpha}-Positive Status
Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 2006; 168(6): 1998 - 2013.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
J E Sanchez-Criado, J M. de las Mulas, C Bellido, V M Navarro, R Aguilar, J C Garrido-Gracia, M M Malagon, M Tena-Sempere, and A Blanco
Gonadotropin-secreting cells in ovariectomized rats treated with different oestrogen receptor ligands: a modulatory role for ER{beta} in the gonadotrope?
J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2006; 188(2): 167 - 177.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
J. Sun, W. J. Langer, K. Devish, and P. H. Lane
Compensatory kidney growth in estrogen receptor-{alpha} null mice
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): F319 - F323.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. T. Arnold and M. R. Blackman
Does DHEA Exert Direct Effects on Androgen and Estrogen Receptors, and Does It Promote or Prevent Prostate Cancer?
Endocrinology, November 1, 2005; 146(11): 4565 - 4567.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp Biol MedHome page
D. M. Harris, E. Besselink, S. M. Henning, V. L. W. Go, and D. Heber
Phytoestrogens Induce Differential Estrogen Receptor Alpha- or Beta-Mediated Responses in Transfected Breast Cancer Cells
Exp Biol Med, September 1, 2005; 230(8): 558 - 568.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res. All Endocrine Journals
Copyright © 2005 by The Endocrine Society