Newly Recognized Components of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Potential Roles in Cardiovascular and Renal Regulation
Robert M. Carey and
Helmy M. Siragy
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
Correspondence: Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Robert M. Carey, M.D., M.A.C.P., University Professor and Professor of Medicine, Box 801414, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-1414. E-mail: RMC4C{at}virginia.edu
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a coordinated hormonalcascade in the control of cardiovascular, renal, and adrenalfunction that governs body fluid and electrolyte balance, aswell as arterial pressure. The classical RAS consists of a circulatingendocrine system in which the principal effector hormone isangiotensin (ANG) II. ANG is produced by the action of reninon angiotensinogen to form ANG I and its subsequent conversionto the biologically active octapeptide by ANG-converting enzyme.ANG II actions are mediated via the ANG type 1 receptor.
Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of thecomponents and actions of the RAS, including local tissue RASs,a renin receptor, ANG-converting enzyme-2, ANG (1–7),the function of the ANG type 2 receptor, and ANG receptor heterodimerization.The role of the RAS in the regulation of cardiovascular andrenal function is reviewed and discussed in light of these newlyrecognized components.
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