Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit (R.A.A.) and Contraceptive Development Network (D.T.B.), Centre for Reproductive Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
Correspondence: Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: D. T. Baird, Center for Reproductive Biology, The University of Edinburgh Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom. E-mail: dtbaird{at}ed.ac.uk
The provision of safe, effective contraception has been revolutionizedin the past 40 yr following the development of synthetic steroidsand the demonstration that administration of combinations ofsex steroids can be used to suppress ovulation and, subsequently,other reproductive functions. This review addresses the currentstanding of male contraception, long the poor relation in familyplanning but currently enjoying a resurgence in both scientificand political interest as it is recognized that men have a largerrole to play in the regulation of fertility, whether seen ingeopolitical or individual terms. Condoms and vasectomy continueto be popular at particular phases of the reproductive lifespanand in certain cultures. Although not perfect contraceptives,condoms have the additional advantage of offering protectionfrom sexually transmitted infection. The hormonal approach mayhave acquired the critical mass needed to make the transitionfrom academic research to pharmaceutical development. Greatlyincreased understanding of male reproductive function, partlystimulated by interest in ageing and the potential benefitsof androgen replacement, is opening up other avenues for investigationtaking advantage of nonhormonal regulatory pathways specificto spermatogenesis and the reproductive tract.
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