help button home button Endocrine Society Endocrine Reviews
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Ben-Jonathan, N.
Right arrow Articles by Hnasko, R.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Ben-Jonathan, N.
Right arrow Articles by Hnasko, R.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
*Compound via MeSH
*Substance via MeSH
Hazardous Substances DB
*DOPAMINE
Endocrine Reviews 22 (6): 724-763
Copyright © 2001 by The Endocrine Society

Dopamine as a Prolactin (PRL) Inhibitor

Nira Ben-Jonathan and Robert Hnasko

Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267

Correspondence: Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Nira Ben-Jonathan, Department of Cell Biology, 3125 Eden Avenue, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0521. E-mail: Nira.Ben-Jonathan{at}uc.edu

Dopamine is a small and relatively simple molecule that fulfills diverse functions. Within the brain, it acts as a classical neurotransmitter whose attenuation or overactivity can result in disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. Major advances in the cloning and characterization of biosynthetic enzymes, transporters, and receptors have increased our knowledge regarding the metabolism, release, reuptake, and mechanism of action of dopamine. Dopamine reaches the pituitary via hypophysial portal blood from several hypothalamic nerve tracts that are regulated by PRL itself, estrogens, and several neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. Dopamine binds to type-2 dopamine receptors that are functionally linked to membrane channels and G proteins and suppresses the high intrinsic secretory activity of the pituitary lactotrophs. In addition to inhibiting PRL release by controlling calcium fluxes, dopamine activates several interacting intracellular signaling pathways and suppresses PRL gene expression and lactotroph proliferation. Thus, PRL homeostasis should be viewed in the context of a fine balance between the action of dopamine as an inhibitor and the many hypothalamic, systemic, and local factors acting as stimulators, none of which has yet emerged as a primary PRL releasing factor. The generation of transgenic animals with overexpressed or mutated genes expanded our understanding of dopamine-PRL interactions and the physiological consequences of their perturbations. PRL release in humans, which differs in many respects from that in laboratory animals, is affected by several drugs used in clinical practice. Hyperprolactinemia is a major neuroendocrine-related cause of reproductive disturbances in both men and women. The treatment of hyperprolactinemia has greatly benefited from the generation of progressively more effective and selective dopaminergic drugs.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Miller, S. Chen, J. Woodliff, and S. Kansra
Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane) Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Induces Apoptosis, and Decreases Hormone Levels and Secretion in Pituitary Tumor Cells
Endocrinology, August 1, 2008; 149(8): 4158 - 4167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
Z. Wang, T. Mitsui, M. Ishida, and J. Arita
Adenovirus vectors differentially modulate proliferation of pituitary lactotrophs in primary culture in a mitogen and infection time-dependent manner
J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2008; 198(1): 209 - 217.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
V. Jimenez-Ortega, M. M. Masternak, J. A. Panici, Z. Wang, A. Bartke, and A. I. Esquifino
Effects of Every-Other-Day Feeding on Prolactin Regulatory Mechanism in Transgenic Human Growth Hormone Mice
Experimental Biology and Medicine, April 1, 2008; 233(4): 434 - 438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
S. Bondioni, A. R. Angioni, S. Corbetta, M. Locatelli, S. Ferrero, E. Ferrante, G. Mantovani, L. Olgiati, P. Beck-Peccoz, A. Spada, et al.
Effect of 9-cis Retinoic Acid on Dopamine D2 Receptor Expression in Pituitary Adenoma Cells
Experimental Biology and Medicine, April 1, 2008; 233(4): 439 - 446.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. E. Gonzalez-Iglesias, T. Murano, S. Li, M. Tomic, and S. S. Stojilkovic
Dopamine Inhibits Basal Prolactin Release in Pituitary Lactotrophs through Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive and -Insensitive Signaling Pathways
Endocrinology, April 1, 2008; 149(4): 1470 - 1479.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
B. Liu and L. A. Arbogast
Phosphorylation State of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Stalk-Median Eminence Is Decreased by Progesterone in Cycling Female Rats
Endocrinology, April 1, 2008; 149(4): 1462 - 1469.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. E. Khodr, S. M. Clark, D. L. Hurley, and C. J. Phelps
Long-Term, Homologous Prolactin, Administered through Ectopic Pituitary Grafts, Induces Hypothalamic Dopamine Neuron Differentiation in Adult Snell Dwarf Mice
Endocrinology, April 1, 2008; 149(4): 2010 - 2018.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
M. J. Millan, F. Loiseau, A. Dekeyne, A. Gobert, G. Flik, T. I. Cremers, J.-M. Rivet, D. Sicard, R. Billiras, and M. Brocco
S33138 (N-[4-[2-[(3aS,9bR)-8-cyano-1,3a,4,9b-tetrahydro[1] benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(3H)-yl)-ethyl]phenyl-acetamide), a Preferential Dopamine D3 versus D2 Receptor Antagonist and Potential Antipsychotic Agent: III. Actions in Models of Therapeutic Activity and Induction of Side Effects
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2008; 324(3): 1212 - 1226.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J PsychopharmacolHome page
R. I. Holt
Medical causes and consequences of hyperprolactinaemia. A context for psychiatrists
J Psychopharmacol, March 1, 2008; 22(2_suppl): 28 - 37.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
N. Ben-Jonathan, C. R. LaPensee, and E. W. LaPensee
What Can We Learn from Rodents about Prolactin in Humans?
Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2008; 29(1): 1 - 41.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. Gruszka, S.-G. Ren, J. Dong, M. D. Culler, and S. Melmed
Regulation of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Gene Expression and Secretion by Chimeric Somatostatin-Dopamine Molecules
Endocrinology, December 1, 2007; 148(12): 6107 - 6114.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Ishida, T. Mitsui, K. Yamakawa, N. Sugiyama, W. Takahashi, H. Shimura, T. Endo, T. Kobayashi, and J. Arita
Involvement of cAMP response element-binding protein in the regulation of cell proliferation and the prolactin promoter of lactotrophs in primary culture
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2007; 293(6): E1529 - E1537.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. C. Horner, Y. Cazals, R. Guieu, M. Lenoir, and N. Sauze
Experimental estrogen-induced hyperprolactinemia results in bone-related hearing loss in the guinea pig
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2007; 293(5): E1224 - E1232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. T. McKee, M. O. Poletini, R. Bertram, and M. E. Freeman
Oxytocin Action at the Lactotroph Is Required for Prolactin Surges in Cervically Stimulated Ovariectomized Rats
Endocrinology, October 1, 2007; 148(10): 4649 - 4657.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Toxicol Ind HealthHome page
G. Tomei, A. Capozzella, M. Ciarrocca, P. Fiore, M. Valeria Rosati, M. Fiaschetti, T. Casale, V. Anzelmo, F. Tomei, and C. Monti
Plasma dopamine in workers exposed to urban stressor
Toxicology and Industrial Health, August 1, 2007; 23(7): 421 - 427.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. Jaubert, G. Drutel, T. Leste-Lasserre, F. Ichas, and L. Bresson-Bepoldin
Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Dopamine Transporter Expression in Lactotrophs from Postlactating Rats: Involvement in Dopamine-Induced Apoptosis
Endocrinology, June 1, 2007; 148(6): 2698 - 2707.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ReproductionHome page
S. R Valdez, A. B Penissi, R. P Deis, and G. A Jahn
Hormonal profile and reproductive performance in lactation deficient (OFA hr/hr) and normal (Sprague-Dawley) female rats
Reproduction, April 1, 2007; 133(4): 827 - 840.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
M. C. Zatelli, M. R. Ambrosio, M. Bondanelli, and E. C d. Uberti
Control of pituitary adenoma cell proliferation by somatostatin analogs, dopamine agonists and novel chimeric compounds
Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2007; 156(suppl_1): S29 - S35.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
B. W. Dunlop and C. B. Nemeroff
The Role of Dopamine in the Pathophysiology of Depression
Arch Gen Psychiatry, March 1, 2007; 64(3): 327 - 337.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J PsychopharmacolHome page
E. R. Samuels, R. H. Hou, R. W. Langley, E. Szabadi, and C. M. Bradshaw
Comparison of pramipexole and modafinil on arousal, autonomic, and endocrine functions in healthy volunteers
J Psychopharmacol, November 1, 2006; 20(6): 756 - 770.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Chesterfield, J. Janik, E. Murphree, C. Lynn, E. Schmidt, and P. Callahan
Orphanin FQ/Nociceptin Is a Physiological Regulator of Prolactin Secretion in Female Rats
Endocrinology, November 1, 2006; 147(11): 5087 - 5093.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
G. M. Anderson, P. Beijer, A. S. Bang, M. A. Fenwick, S. J. Bunn, and D. R. Grattan
Suppression of Prolactin-Induced Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5b Signaling and Induction of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus of the Rat during Late Pregnancy and Lactation
Endocrinology, October 1, 2006; 147(10): 4996 - 5005.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
I. Garcia-Tornadu, M. Rubinstein, B. D Gaylinn, D. Hill, E. Arany, M. J Low, G. Diaz-Torga, and D. Becu-Villalobos
GH in the dwarf dopaminergic D2 receptor knockout mouse: somatotrope population, GH release, and responsiveness to GH-releasing factors and somatostatin.
J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2006; 190(3): 611 - 619.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. de Guise, A. Lacerte, S. Rafiei, R. Reynaud, M. Roy, T. Brue, and J.-J. Lebrun
Activin Inhibits the Human Pit-1 Gene Promoter through the p38 Kinase Pathway in a Smad-Independent Manner
Endocrinology, September 1, 2006; 147(9): 4351 - 4362.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
M. P. Gillam, M. E. Molitch, G. Lombardi, and A. Colao
Advances in the Treatment of Prolactinomas
Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2006; 27(5): 485 - 534.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
T. S. Hnasko, F. A. Perez, A. D. Scouras, E. A. Stoll, S. D. Gale, S. Luquet, P. E. M. Phillips, E. J. Kremer, and R. D. Palmiter
Cre recombinase-mediated restoration of nigrostriatal dopamine in dopamine-deficient mice reverses hypophagia and bradykinesia
PNAS, June 6, 2006; 103(23): 8858 - 8863.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
F.-A. Weltzien, C. Pasqualini, M.-E. Sebert, B. Vidal, N. Le Belle, O. Kah, P. Vernier, and S. Dufour
Androgen-Dependent Stimulation of Brain Dopaminergic Systems in the Female European Eel (Anguilla anguilla)
Endocrinology, June 1, 2006; 147(6): 2964 - 2973.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
G. E. Aiken, M. L. Looper, S. F. Tabler, D. K. Brauer, J. R. Strickland, and F. N. Schrick
Influence of stocking rate and steroidal implants on growth rate of steers grazing toxic tall fescue and subsequent physiological responses
J Anim Sci, June 1, 2006; 84(6): 1626 - 1632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
M. T. Sellix, M. Egli, M. O. Poletini, D. T. McKee, M. D. Bosworth, C. A. Fitch, and M. E. Freeman
Anatomical and functional characterization of clock gene expression in neuroendocrine dopaminergic neurons
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): R1309 - R1323.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Biol.Home page
F. Angelier, C. Barbraud, H. Lormee, F. Prud'homme, and O. Chastel
Kidnapping of chicks in emperor penguins: a hormonal by-product?
J. Exp. Biol., April 15, 2006; 209(8): 1413 - 1420.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
N.-A. Liu, Q. Liu, K. Wawrowsky, Z. Yang, S. Lin, and S. Melmed
Prolactin Receptor Signaling Mediates the Osmotic Response of Embryonic Zebrafish Lactotrophs
Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2006; 20(4): 871 - 880.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
S. McArthur, Z.-L. Siddique, H. C. Christian, G. Capone, E. Theogaraj, C. D. John, S. F. Smith, J. F. Morris, J. C. Buckingham, and G. E. Gillies
Perinatal Glucocorticoid Treatment Disrupts the Hypothalamo-Lactotroph Axis in Adult Female, But Not Male, Rats
Endocrinology, April 1, 2006; 147(4): 1904 - 1915.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Egli, R. Bertram, N. Toporikova, M. T. Sellix, W. Blanco, and M. E. Freeman
Prolactin secretory rhythm of mated rats induced by a single injection of oxytocin
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2006; 290(3): E566 - E572.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Bertram, M. Egli, N. Toporikova, and M. E. Freeman
A mathematical model for the mating-induced prolactin rhythm of female rats
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2006; 290(3): E573 - E582.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
S. T. Anderson, J. L. Barclay, K. J. Fanning, D. H. L. Kusters, M. J. Waters, and J. D. Curlewis
Mechanisms Underlying the Diminished Sensitivity to Prolactin Negative Feedback during Lactation: Reduced STAT5 Signaling and Up-Regulation of Cytokine-Inducible SH2 Domain-Containing Protein (CIS) Expression in Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurons
Endocrinology, March 1, 2006; 147(3): 1195 - 1202.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Kok, F. Roelfsema, J. G. Langendonk, C. C. de Wit, M. Frolich, J. Burggraaf, A. E. Meinders, and H. Pijl
Increased circadian prolactin release is blunted after body weight loss in obese premenopausal women
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2006; 290(2): E218 - E224.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Sci SignalHome page
R. Bertram, J. Tabak, N. Toporikova, and M. E. Freeman
Endothelin Action on Pituitary Lactotrophs: One Receptor, Many GTP-Binding Proteins
Sci. Signal., January 24, 2006; 2006(319): pe4 - pe4.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
K. Tudpor, N. Charoenphandhu, W. Saengamnart, and N. Krishnamra
Long-Term Prolactin Exposure Differentially Stimulated the Transcellular and Solvent Drag-Induced Calcium Transport in the Duodenum of Ovariectomized Rats
Experimental Biology and Medicine, December 1, 2005; 230(11): 836 - 844.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Kok, F. Roelfsema, M. Frolich, A. E. Meinders, and H. Pijl
Spontaneous Diurnal Thyrotropin Secretion Is Enhanced in Proportion to Circulating Leptin in Obese Premenopausal Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2005; 90(11): 6185 - 6191.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
C. Lin Chang, J. Roh, J.-I. Park, C. Klein, N. Cushman, R. V. Haberberger, and S. Y. T. Hsu
Intermedin Functions as a Pituitary Paracrine Factor Regulating Prolactin Release
Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2005; 19(11): 2824 - 2838.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. A. Andric, D. Zivadinovic, A. E. Gonzalez-Iglesias, A. Lachowicz, M. Tomic, and S. S. Stojilkovic
Endothelin-induced, Long Lasting, and Ca2+ Influx-independent Blockade of Intrinsic Secretion in Pituitary Cells by Gz Subunits
J. Biol. Chem., July 22, 2005; 280(29): 26896 - 26903.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
F. Ferraro, B. A. Eipper, and R. E. Mains
Retrieval and Reuse of Pituitary Secretory Granule Proteins
J. Biol. Chem., July 8, 2005; 280(27): 25424 - 25435.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
J. C. Liu, R. E. Baker, W. Chow, C. K. Sun, and H. P. Elsholtz
Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Dopamine D2 Receptor-Dependent Inhibition of the Prolactin Gene
Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2005; 19(7): 1904 - 1917.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. Cristina, G. Diaz-Torga, A. Baldi, A. Gongora, M. Rubinstein, M. J. Low, and D. Becu-Villalobos
Increased Pituitary Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A in Dopaminergic D2 Receptor Knockout Female Mice
Endocrinology, July 1, 2005; 146(7): 2952 - 2962.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ReproductionHome page
J. M Russell, E Murphree, J Janik, and P Callahan
Effect of steroids and nitric oxide on pituitary hormone release in ovariectomized, peripubertal rats
Reproduction, April 1, 2005; 129(4): 497 - 504.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. J. Phelps
Postnatal Regression of Hypothalamic Dopaminergic Neurons in Prolactin-Deficient Snell Dwarf Mice
Endocrinology, December 1, 2004; 145(12): 5656 - 5664.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. S. Smith
Anterior pituitary hormones: development of a bioassay leading to the discovery of prolactin
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2004; 287(5): E813 - E814.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Kok, F. Roelfsema, M. Frolich, A. E. Meinders, and H. Pijl
Prolactin Release Is Enhanced in Proportion to Excess Visceral Fat in Obese Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2004; 89(9): 4445 - 4449.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
S. R. Marder, S. M. Essock, A. L. Miller, R. W. Buchanan, D. E. Casey, J. M. Davis, J. M. Kane, J. A. Lieberman, N. R. Schooler, N. Covell, et al.
Physical Health Monitoring of Patients With Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry, August 1, 2004; 161(8): 1334 - 1349.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
N. Y. Gevry, F. L. Lopes, S. Ledoux, and B. D. Murphy
Aberrant Intracellular Cholesterol Transport Disrupts Pituitary and Ovarian Function
Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2004; 18(7): 1778 - 1786.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Egli, R. Bertram, M. T. Sellix, and M. E. Freeman
Rhythmic Secretion of Prolactin in Rats: Action of Oxytocin Coordinated by Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Origin
Endocrinology, July 1, 2004; 145(7): 3386 - 3394.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
B RADNAI, B MRAVEC, I BODNAR, L KUBOVCAKOVA, F FULOP, M I K FEKETE, G M NAGY, and R KVETNANSKY
Pivotal Role of an Endogenous Tetrahydroisoquinoline, Salsolinol, in Stress- and Suckling-Induced Release of Prolactin
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., June 1, 2004; 1018(1): 183 - 191.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Nutr.Home page
W. Chowanadisai, S. L. Kelleher, and B. Lonnerdal
Maternal Zinc Deficiency Raises Plasma Prolactin Levels in Lactating Rats
J. Nutr., June 1, 2004; 134(6): 1314 - 1319.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
M. L. Vitale and M. E. Carbajal
Involvement of Myosin II in Dopamine-induced Reorganization of the Lactotroph Cell's Actin Cytoskeleton
J. Histochem. Cytochem., April 1, 2004; 52(4): 517 - 527.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
N. K. Mello, J. H. Mendelson, S. S. Negus, and M. Kelly
Ovarian Steroid Hormone Modulation of the Acute Effects of Cocaine on Luteinizing Hormone and Prolactin Levels in Ovariectomized Rhesus Monkeys
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 2004; 308(1): 156 - 167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
R. M. Bigsby, A. Caperell-Grant, N. Berry, K. Nephew, and D. Lubahn
Estrogen Induces a Systemic Growth Factor Through an Estrogen Receptor-Alpha-Dependent Mechanism
Biol Reprod, January 1, 2004; 70(1): 178 - 183.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S.-G. Ren, S. Kim, J. Taylor, J. Dong, J.-P. Moreau, M. D. Culler, and S. Melmed
Suppression of Rat and Human Growth Hormone and Prolactin Secretion by a Novel Somatostatin/Dopaminergic Chimeric Ligand
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2003; 88(11): 5414 - 5421.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
J. H. Mendelson, M. B. Sholar, N. H. Mutschler, M. Jaszyna-Gasior, N. V. Goletiani, A. J. Siegel, and N. K. Mello
Effects of Intravenous Cocaine and Cigarette Smoking on Luteinizing Hormone, Testosterone, and Prolactin in Men
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., October 1, 2003; 307(1): 339 - 348.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
L. Nybo, B. Nielsen, E. Blomstrand, K. Moller, and N. Secher
Neurohumoral responses during prolonged exercise in humans
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2003; 95(3): 1125 - 1131.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
K. J. Damjanoska, N. A. Muma, Y. Zhang, D. N. D'Souza, F. Garcia, G. A. Carrasco, G. H. Kindel, K. A. Haskins, M. Shankaran, B. R. Petersen, et al.
Neuroendocrine Evidence That (S)-2-(Chloro-5-fluoro-indol- l-yl)-1-methylethylamine Fu