The New Human Tissue Kallikrein Gene Family: Structure, Function, and Association to Disease1
George M. Yousef and
Eleftherios P. Diamandis
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai
Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5; and Department of
Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M5G 1L5
The human tissue kallikrein gene family was, until recently,thought to
consist of only three genes. Two of these human kallikreins,
prostate-specificantigen and human glandular kallikrein 2, are
currently usedas valuable biomarkers of prostatic carcinoma. More
recently,new kallikrein-like genes have been discovered. It is now
clearthat the human tissue kallikrein gene family contains at least15
genes. All genes share important similarities, includingmapping at the
same chromosomal locus (19q13.4), significanthomology at both the
nucleotide and protein level, and similargenomic organization. All
genes encode for putative serine proteasesand most of them are
regulated by steroid hormones. Recent datasuggest that at least a few
of these kallikrein genes are connectedto malignancy. In this review,
we summarize the recently accumulatedknowledge on the human tissue
kallikrein gene family, includinggene and protein structure, predicted
enzymatic activities,tissue expression, hormonal regulation, and
alternative splicing.We further describe the reported associations of
the human kallikreinswith various human diseases and identify future
avenues forresearch.
This article has been cited by other articles:
B. BICKERS and C. AUKIM-HASTIE New Molecular Biomarkers for the Prognosis and Management of Prostate Cancer - The Post PSA Era
Anticancer Res,
August 1, 2009;
29(8):
3289 - 3298.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. STEPHAN, H. RITTENHOUSE, H. CAMMANN, M. LEIN, M. SCHRADER, S. DEGER, K. MILLER, and K. JUNG New Markers and Multivariate Models for Prostate Cancer Detection
Anticancer Res,
July 1, 2009;
29(7):
2589 - 2600.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
U. Kuzmanov, N. Jiang, C. R. Smith, A. Soosaipillai, and E. P. Diamandis Differential N-glycosylation of Kallikrein 6 Derived from Ovarian Cancer Cells or the Central Nervous System
Mol. Cell. Proteomics,
April 1, 2009;
8(4):
791 - 798.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
Z. Sun, D. Fan, Y. Fan, C. Du, and J. Moradian-Oldak Enamel Proteases Reduce Amelogenin-Apatite Binding
Journal of Dental Research,
December 1, 2008;
87(12):
1133 - 1137.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
N. Emami and E. P. Diamandis Utility of Kallikrein-Related Peptidases (KLKs) as Cancer Biomarkers
Clin. Chem.,
October 1, 2008;
54(10):
1600 - 1607.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. S. Tykodi, N. Fujii, N. Vigneron, S. M. Lu, J. K. Mito, M. X. Miranda, J. Chou, L. N. Voong, J. A. Thompson, B. M. Sandmaier, et al. C19orf48 Encodes a Minor Histocompatibility Antigen Recognized by CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cells from Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients
Clin. Cancer Res.,
August 15, 2008;
14(16):
5260 - 5269.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
N. Emami and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein-related Peptidase 14 (KLK14) Is a New Activator Component of the KLK Proteolytic Cascade: POSSIBLE FUNCTION IN SEMINAL PLASMA AND SKIN
J. Biol. Chem.,
February 8, 2008;
283(6):
3031 - 3041.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
H. Yoon, G. Laxmikanthan, J. Lee, S. I. Blaber, A. Rodriguez, J. M. Kogot, I. A. Scarisbrick, and M. Blaber Activation Profiles and Regulatory Cascades of the Human Kallikrein-related Peptidases
J. Biol. Chem.,
November 2, 2007;
282(44):
31852 - 31864.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. W. McIntosh, Y. Liu, C. Drescher, N. Urban, and E. P. Diamandis Validation and Characterization of Human Kallikrein 11 as a Serum Marker for Diagnosis of Ovarian Carcinoma
Clin. Cancer Res.,
August 1, 2007;
13(15):
4422 - 4428.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. L.V. Shaw and E. P. Diamandis Distribution of 15 Human Kallikreins in Tissues and Biological Fluids
Clin. Chem.,
August 1, 2007;
53(8):
1423 - 1432.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. A. Borgono, I. P. Michael, J. L. V. Shaw, L.-Y. Luo, M. C. Ghosh, A. Soosaipillai, L. Grass, D. Katsaros, and E. P. Diamandis Expression and Functional Characterization of the Cancer-related Serine Protease, Human Tissue Kallikrein 14
J. Biol. Chem.,
January 26, 2007;
282(4):
2405 - 2422.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S C Fernando, J S Buck, M D Ashworth, J W Ross, R D Geisert, and U DeSilva Porcine endometrial and conceptus tissue kallikrein 1, 4, 11, and 14 gene expression.
Reproduction,
December 1, 2006;
132(6):
939 - 947.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
K. Oikonomopoulou, K. K. Hansen, M. Saifeddine, I. Tea, M. Blaber, S. I. Blaber, I. Scarisbrick, P. Andrade-Gordon, G. S. Cottrell, N. W. Bunnett, et al. Proteinase-activated Receptors, Targets for Kallikrein Signaling
J. Biol. Chem.,
October 27, 2006;
281(43):
32095 - 32112.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. J. C. Shan, A. Scorilas, D. Katsaros, I. Rigault de la Longrais, M. Massobrio, and E. P. Diamandis Unfavorable Prognostic Value of Human Kallikrein 7 Quantified by ELISA in Ovarian Cancer Cytosols
Clin. Chem.,
October 1, 2006;
52(10):
1879 - 1886.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. H. Slagter, L. J.G. Gooren, A. Scorilas, C. D. Petraki, and E. P. Diamandis Effects of Long-term Androgen Administration on Breast Tissue of Female-to-Male Transsexuals
J. Histochem. Cytochem.,
August 1, 2006;
54(8):
905 - 910.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. H. Slagter, A. Scorilas, L. J.G. Gooren, W. de Ronde, A. Soosaipillai, E. J. Giltay, M. Paliouras, and E. P. Diamandis Effect of Testosterone Administration on Serum and Urine Kallikrein Concentrations in Female-to-Male Transsexuals
Clin. Chem.,
August 1, 2006;
52(8):
1546 - 1551.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. H. Slagter, L. J.G. Gooren, W. de Ronde, A. Soosaipillai, A. Scorilas, E. J. Giltay, M. Paliouras, and E. P. Diamandis Serum and Urine Tissue Kallikrein Concentrations in Male-to-Female Transsexuals Treated with Antiandrogens and Estrogens
Clin. Chem.,
July 1, 2006;
52(7):
1356 - 1365.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
L. Holzscheiter, J. C. Biermann, M. Kotzsch, P. Prezas, J. Farthmann, G. Baretton, T. Luther, V. C.G. Tjan-Heijnen, M. Talieri, M. Schmitt, et al. Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Detection of mRNA Encoding Full-Length Human Tissue Kallikrein 7: Prognostic Relevance of KLK7 mRNA Expression in Breast Cancer
Clin. Chem.,
June 1, 2006;
52(6):
1070 - 1079.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
I. P. Michael, G. Pampalakis, S. D. Mikolajczyk, J. Malm, G. Sotiropoulou, and E. P. Diamandis Human Tissue Kallikrein 5 Is a Member of a Proteolytic Cascade Pathway Involved in Seminal Clot Liquefaction and Potentially in Prostate Cancer Progression
J. Biol. Chem.,
May 5, 2006;
281(18):
12743 - 12750.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. Nettikadan, K. Radke, J. Johnson, J. Xu, M. Lynch, C. Mosher, and E. Henderson Detection and Quantification of Protein Biomarkers from Fewer than 10 Cells
Mol. Cell. Proteomics,
May 1, 2006;
5(5):
895 - 901.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. Yao, M. R. Karabasil, N. Purwanti, X. Li, T. Akamatsu, N. Kanamori, and K. Hosoi Tissue Kallikrein mK13 Is a Candidate Processing Enzyme for the Precursor of Interleukin-1beta in the Submandibular Gland of Mice
J. Biol. Chem.,
March 24, 2006;
281(12):
7968 - 7976.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M.R. Darling, L. Jackson-Boeters, T.D. Daley, and E.P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 6 Expression in Salivary Gland Tumors
J. Histochem. Cytochem.,
March 1, 2006;
54(3):
337 - 342.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. A. Borgono, T. Kishi, A. Scorilas, N. Harbeck, J. Dorn, B. Schmalfeldt, M. Schmitt, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 8 Protein Is a Favorable Prognostic Marker in Ovarian Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 1, 2006;
12(5):
1487 - 1493.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
P. F. Angelo, A. R. Lima, F. M. Alves, S. I. Blaber, I. A. Scarisbrick, M. Blaber, L. Juliano, and M. A. Juliano Substrate Specificity of Human Kallikrein 6: SALT AND GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN ACTIVATION EFFECTS
J. Biol. Chem.,
February 10, 2006;
281(6):
3116 - 3126.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
L.-Y. Luo, S. J.C. Shan, M. B. Elliott, A. Soosaipillai, and E. P. Diamandis Purification and Characterization of Human Kallikrein 11, a Candidate Prostate and Ovarian Cancer Biomarker, from Seminal Plasma
Clin. Cancer Res.,
February 1, 2006;
12(3):
742 - 750.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. Tang, C. L. Yu, S. R. Williams, E. Springman, D. Jeffery, P. A. Sprengeler, A. Estevez, J. Sampang, W. Shrader, J. Spencer, et al. Expression, Crystallization, and Three-dimensional Structure of the Catalytic Domain of Human Plasma Kallikrein
J. Biol. Chem.,
December 9, 2005;
280(49):
41077 - 41089.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
Y Dong, L T Bui, D M Odorico, O L Tan, S A Myers, H Samaratunga, R A Gardiner, and J A Clements Compartmentalized expression of kallikrein 4 (KLK4/hK4) isoforms in prostate cancer: nuclear, cytoplasmic and secreted forms
Endocr. Relat. Cancer,
December 1, 2005;
12(4):
875 - 889.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
W. Wang, E. M. John, and S. A. Ingles Androgen Receptor and Prostate-Specific Antigen Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer in African-American Women
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.,
December 1, 2005;
14(12):
2990 - 2994.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
H. Nagahara, K. Mimori, T. Utsunomiya, G. F. Barnard, M. Ohira, K. Hirakawa, and M. Mori Clinicopathologic and Biological Significance of Kallikrein 6 Overexpression in Human Gastric Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
October 1, 2005;
11(19):
6800 - 6806.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
N. Iwai, N. Yasui, H. Naraba, N. Tago, H. Yamawaki, and H. Sumiya Klk1 as One of the Genes Contributing to Hypertension in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat
Hypertension,
May 1, 2005;
45(5):
947 - 953.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
I. P. Michael, G. Sotiropoulou, G. Pampalakis, A. Magklara, M. Ghosh, G. Wasney, and E. P. Diamandis Biochemical and Enzymatic Characterization of Human Kallikrein 5 (hK5), a Novel Serine Protease Potentially Involved in Cancer Progression
J. Biol. Chem.,
April 15, 2005;
280(15):
14628 - 14635.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
K. Ogawa, T. Utsunomiya, K. Mimori, F. Tanaka, H. Inoue, H. Nagahara, S. Murayama, and M. Mori Clinical Significance of Human Kallikrein Gene 6 Messenger RNA Expression in Colorectal Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
April 15, 2005;
11(8):
2889 - 2893.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
E. S. Okerberg, J. Wu, B. Zhang, B. Samii, K. Blackford, D. T. Winn, K. R. Shreder, J. J. Burbaum, and M. P. Patricelli High-resolution functional proteomics by active-site peptide profiling
PNAS,
April 5, 2005;
102(14):
4996 - 5001.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A Del Rosso, O Distler, A F Milia, C Emanueli, L Ibba-Manneschi, S Guiducci, M L Conforti, S Generini, A Pignone, S Gay, et al. Increased circulating levels of tissue kallikrein in systemic sclerosis correlate with microvascular involvement
Ann Rheum Dis,
March 1, 2005;
64(3):
382 - 387.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
I. P. Michael, L. Kurlender, N. Memari, G. M. Yousef, D. Du, L. Grass, C. Stephan, K. Jung, and E. P. Diamandis Intron Retention: A Common Splicing Event within the Human Kallikrein Gene Family
Clin. Chem.,
March 1, 2005;
51(3):
506 - 515.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
V. Vaisanen, S. Eriksson, K. K. Ivaska, H. Lilja, M. Nurmi, and K. Pettersson Development of Sensitive Immunoassays for Free and Total Human Glandular Kallikrein 2
Clin. Chem.,
September 1, 2004;
50(9):
1607 - 1617.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. Dupont, M. K. Tanwar, H. T. Thaler, M. Fleisher, N. Kauff, M. L. Hensley, P. Sabbatini, S. Anderson, C. Aghajanian, E. C. Holland, et al. Early Detection and Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer Using Serum YKL-40
J. Clin. Oncol.,
August 15, 2004;
22(16):
3330 - 3339.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
Z. Zhang, R. C. Bast Jr., Y. Yu, J. Li, L. J. Sokoll, A. J. Rai, J. M. Rosenzweig, B. Cameron, Y. Y. Wang, X.-Y. Meng, et al. Three Biomarkers Identified from Serum Proteomic Analysis for the Detection of Early Stage Ovarian Cancer
Cancer Res.,
August 15, 2004;
64(16):
5882 - 5890.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
P S Hart, T C Hart, M D Michalec, O H Ryu, D Simmons, S Hong, and J T Wright Mutation in kallikrein 4 causes autosomal recessive hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta
J. Med. Genet.,
July 1, 2004;
41(7):
545 - 549.
[Full Text][PDF]
C. A. Borgono, I. P. Michael, and E. P. Diamandis Human Tissue Kallikreins: Physiologic Roles and Applications in Cancer
Mol. Cancer Res.,
May 1, 2004;
2(5):
257 - 280.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
L. J. Spicer Proteolytic Degradation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins by Ovarian Follicles: A Control Mechanism for Selection of Dominant Follicles
Biol Reprod,
May 1, 2004;
70(5):
1223 - 1230.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
K. Shigemasa, L. Gu, H. Tanimoto, T. J. O'Brien, and K. Ohama Human Kallikrein Gene 11 (KLK11) mRNA Overexpression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
April 15, 2004;
10(8):
2766 - 2770.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
X. S. Puente and C. Lopez-Otin A Genomic Analysis of Rat Proteases and Protease Inhibitors
Genome Res.,
April 1, 2004;
14(4):
609 - 622.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
E. P. Diamandis Mass Spectrometry as a Diagnostic and a Cancer Biomarker Discovery Tool: Opportunities and Potential Limitations
Mol. Cell. Proteomics,
April 1, 2004;
3(4):
367 - 378.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
T. Kishi, A. Soosaipillai, L. Grass, S. P. Little, E. M. Johnstone, and E. P. Diamandis Development of an Immunofluorometric Assay and Quantification of Human Kallikrein 7 in Tissue Extracts and Biological Fluids
Clin. Chem.,
April 1, 2004;
50(4):
709 - 716.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
X. Xie, Z. Luo, K. M. Slawin, and D. M. Spencer The EZC-Prostate Model: Noninvasive Prostate Imaging in Living Mice
Mol. Endocrinol.,
March 1, 2004;
18(3):
722 - 732.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. Wang, J. Grunler, and M. S. Lewitt Gender-Specific Pattern of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-3 Protease Activity in Mouse Thyroid
Endocrinology,
March 1, 2004;
145(3):
1137 - 1143.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A. Scorilas, C. A. Borgono, N. Harbeck, J. Dorn, B. Schmalfeldt, M. Schmitt, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 13 Protein in Ovarian Cancer Cytosols: A New Favorable Prognostic Marker
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 15, 2004;
22(4):
678 - 685.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. A. Borgono, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, G. M. Yousef, C. D. Petraki, D. H. C. Howarth, S. Fracchioli, D. Katsaros, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 14: A New Potential Biomarker for Ovarian and Breast Cancer
Cancer Res.,
December 15, 2003;
63(24):
9032 - 9041.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
G. M. Yousef, A. Scorilas, D. Katsaros, S. Fracchioli, L. Iskander, C. Borgono, I. A. Rigault de la Longrais, M. Puopolo, M. Massobrio, and E. P. Diamandis Prognostic Value of the Human Kallikrein Gene 15 Expression in Ovarian Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
August 15, 2003;
21(16):
3119 - 3126.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
W.-S. Cheng, V. Giandomenico, I. Pastan, and M. Essand Characterization of the Androgen-Regulated Prostate-Specific T Cell Receptor {gamma}-Chain Alternate Reading Frame Protein (TARP) Promoter
Endocrinology,
August 1, 2003;
144(8):
3433 - 3440.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
G. M. Yousef, M.-E. Polymeris, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, P.-C. Chan, A. Scorilas, C. Borgono, N. Harbeck, B. Schmalfeldt, J. Dorn, et al. Human Kallikrein 5: A Potential Novel Serum Biomarker for Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Cancer Res.,
July 15, 2003;
63(14):
3958 - 3965.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
T. Kishi, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, A. Scorilas, N. Harbeck, B. Schmalfeldt, J. Dorn, M. Mysliwiec, M. Schmitt, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 8, a Novel Biomarker for Ovarian Carcinoma
Cancer Res.,
June 1, 2003;
63(11):
2771 - 2774.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
G. M. Yousef, M.-E. Polymeris, G. M. Yacoub, A. Scorilas, A. Soosaipillai, C. Popalis, S. Fracchioli, D. Katsaros, and E. P. Diamandis Parallel Overexpression of Seven Kallikrein Genes in Ovarian Cancer
Cancer Res.,
May 1, 2003;
63(9):
2223 - 2227.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. Hutchinson, L.-Y. Luo, G. M. Yousef, A. Soosaipillai, and E. P. Diamandis Purification of Human Kallikrein 6 from Biological Fluids and Identification of its Complex with {alpha}1-Antichymotrypsin
Clin. Chem.,
May 1, 2003;
49(5):
746 - 751.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. D. Petraki, V. N. Karavana, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 13 Expression in Normal Tissues: An Immunohistochemical Study
J. Histochem. Cytochem.,
April 1, 2003;
51(4):
493 - 501.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
E. P. Diamandis, A. Scorilas, S. Fracchioli, M. van Gramberen, H. de Bruijn, A. Henrik, A. Soosaipillai, L. Grass, G. M. Yousef, U.-H. Stenman, et al. Human Kallikrein 6 (hK6): A New Potential Serum Biomarker for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Ovarian Carcinoma
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 15, 2003;
21(6):
1035 - 1043.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
L.-Y. Luo, D. Katsaros, A. Scorilas, S. Fracchioli, R. Bellino, M. van Gramberen, H. de Bruijn, A. Henrik, U.-H. Stenman, M. Massobrio, et al. The Serum Concentration of Human Kallikrein 10 Represents a Novel Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis
Cancer Res.,
February 15, 2003;
63(4):
807 - 811.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. P. Balk, Y.-J. Ko, and G. J. Bubley Biology of Prostate-Specific Antigen
J. Clin. Oncol.,
January 15, 2003;
21(2):
383 - 391.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. Kapadia, A. Chang, G. Sotiropoulou, G. M. Yousef, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, X. Xing, D. H.C. Howarth, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 13: Production and Purification of Recombinant Protein and Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies, and Development of a Sensitive and Specific Immunofluorometric Assay
Clin. Chem.,
January 1, 2003;
49(1):
77 - 86.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
T. Kishi, L. Grass, A. Soosaipillai, C. Shimizu-Okabe, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 8: Immunoassay Development and Identification in Tissue Extracts and Biological Fluids
Clin. Chem.,
January 1, 2003;
49(1):
87 - 96.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. D. Petraki, V. N. Karavana, L.-Y. Luo, and E. P. Diamandis Human Kallikrein 10 Expression in Normal Tissues by Immunohistochemistry
J. Histochem. Cytochem.,
September 1, 2002;
50(9):
1247 - 1261.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
E. P. Diamandis and G. M. Yousef Human Tissue Kallikreins: A Family of New Cancer Biomarkers
Clin. Chem.,
August 1, 2002;
48(8):
1198 - 1205.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. V. Obiezu, A. Soosaipillai, K. Jung, C. Stephan, A. Scorilas, D. H. C. Howarth, and E. P. Diamandis Detection of Human Kallikrein 4 in Healthy and Cancerous Prostatic Tissues by Immunofluorometry and Immunohistochemistry
Clin. Chem.,
August 1, 2002;
48(8):
1232 - 1240.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
F. X. Gomis-Ruth, A. Bayes, G. Sotiropoulou, G. Pampalakis, T. Tsetsenis, V. Villegas, F. X. Aviles, and M. Coll The Structure of Human Prokallikrein 6 Reveals a Novel Activation Mechanism for the Kallikrein Family
J. Biol. Chem.,
July 19, 2002;
277(30):
27273 - 27281.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. J. Bernett, S. I. Blaber, I. A. Scarisbrick, P. Dhanarajan, S. M. Thompson, and M. Blaber Crystal Structure and Biochemical Characterization of Human Kallikrein 6 Reveals That a Trypsin-like Kallikrein Is Expressed in the Central Nervous System
J. Biol. Chem.,
June 28, 2002;
277(27):
24562 - 24570.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
I. A. Scarisbrick, S. I. Blaber, C. F. Lucchinetti, C. P. Genain, M. Blaber, and M. Rodriguez Activity of a newly identified serine protease in CNS demyelination
Brain,
June 1, 2002;
125(6):
1283 - 1296.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
F. J. Meng, A. Shan, L. Jin, and C. Y. F. Young The Expression of a Variant Prostate-specific Antigen in Human Prostate
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.,
March 1, 2002;
11(3):
305 - 309.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. R. Allen, B. R. Zhang, A. M. Hettinger, D. W. Goad, J. R. Malayer, and R. D. Geisert Detection of Bradykinin and Bradykinin-{beta}2 Receptors in the Porcine Endometrium During the Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy
Biol Reprod,
March 1, 2002;
66(3):
574 - 579.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
E. P. Diamandis, A. Okui, S. Mitsui, L.-Y. Luo, A. Soosaipillai, L. Grass, T. Nakamura, D. J. C. Howarth, and N. Yamaguchi Human Kallikrein 11: A New Biomarker of Prostate and Ovarian Carcinoma
Cancer Res.,
January 1, 2002;
62(1):
295 - 300.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. D. Petraki, V. N. Karavana, P. T. Skoufogiannis, S. P. Little, D. J.C. Howarth, G. M. Yousef, and E. P. Diamandis The Spectrum of Human Kallikrein 6 (Zyme/Protease M/Neurosin) Expression in Human Tissues as Assessed by Immunohistochemistry
J. Histochem. Cytochem.,
November 1, 2001;
49(11):
1431 - 1442.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
G. M. Yousef, L. G. Kyriakopoulou, A. Scorilas, S. Fracchioli, B. Ghiringhello, M. Zarghooni, A. Chang, M. Diamandis, G. Giardina, W. J. Hartwick, et al. Quantitative Expression of the Human Kallikrein Gene 9 (KLK9) in Ovarian Cancer: A New Independent and Favorable Prognostic Marker
Cancer Res.,
November 1, 2001;
61(21):
7811 - 7818.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
