help button home button Endocrine Society Endocrine Reviews
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Lacroix, A.
Right arrow Articles by Hamet, P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Lacroix, A.
Right arrow Articles by Hamet, P.
Endocrine Reviews 22 (1): 75-110
Copyright © 2001 by The Endocrine Society

Ectopic and Abnormal Hormone Receptors in Adrenal Cushing’s Syndrome1

André Lacroix, Nina N'Diaye, Johanne Tremblay and Pavel Hamet

Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1T8

The mechanism by which cortisol is produced in adrenal Cushing’s syndrome, when ACTH is suppressed, was previously unknown and was referred to as being "autonomous." More recently, several investigators have shown that some cortisol and other steroid-producing adrenal tumors or hyperplasias are under the control of ectopic (or aberrant, illicit, inappropriate) membrane hormone receptors. These include ectopic receptors for gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), ß-adrenergic agonists, or LH/hCG; a similar outcome can result from altered activity of eutopic receptors, such as those for vasopressin (V1-AVPR), serotonin (5-HT4), or possibly leptin. The presence of aberrant receptors places adrenal cells under stimulation by a trophic factor not negatively regulated by glucocorticoids, leading to increased steroidogenesis and possibly to the proliferative phenotype. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the abnormal expression and function of membrane hormone receptors are still largely unknown. Identification of the presence of these illicit receptors can eventually lead to new pharmacological therapies as alternatives to adrenalectomy, now demonstrated by the long-term control of ectopic ß-AR- and LH/hCGR-dependent Cushing’s syndrome by propanolol and leuprolide acetate. Further studies will potentially identify a larger diversity of hormone receptors capable of coupling to G proteins, adenylyl cyclase, and steroidogenesis in functional adrenal tumors and probably in other endocrine and nonendocrine tumors.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
C Vincent-Dejean, L Cazabat, L Groussin, K Perlemoine, G Fumey, F Tissier, X Bertagna, and J Bertherat
Identification of a clinically homogenous subgroup of benign cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumors characterized by alterations of the protein kinase A (PKA) subunits and high PKA activity.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., June 1, 2008; 158(6): 829 - 839.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
E Louiset, V Contesse, L Groussin, D Cartier, C Duparc, V Perraudin, J Bertherat, and H Lefebvre
Expression of vasopressin receptors in ACTH-independent macronodular bilateral adrenal hyperplasia causing Cushing's syndrome: molecular, immunohistochemical and pharmacological correlates
J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2008; 196(1): 1 - 9.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
N M Albiger, G Occhi, B Mariniello, M Iacobone, G Favia, A Fassina, D Faggian, F Mantero, and C Scaroni
Food-dependent Cushing's syndrome: from molecular characterization to therapeutical results
Eur. J. Endocrinol., December 1, 2007; 157(6): 771 - 778.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
J R Meinardi, B H R Wolffenbuttel, and R P F Dullaart
Cyclic Cushing's syndrome: a clinical challenge
Eur. J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2007; 157(3): 245 - 254.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
J. Miyamoto, T. Matsumoto, H. Shiina, K. Inoue, I. Takada, S. Ito, J. Itoh, T. Minematsu, T. Sato, T. Yanase, et al.
The Pituitary Function of Androgen Receptor Constitutes a Glucocorticoid Production Circuit
Mol. Cell. Biol., July 1, 2007; 27(13): 4807 - 4814.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
D Vezzosi, D Cartier, C Regnier, P Otal, A Bennet, F Parmentier, M Plantavid, A Lacroix, H Lefebvre, and P Caron
Familial adrenocorticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with aberrant serotonin and vasopressin adrenal receptors
Eur. J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2007; 156(1): 21 - 31.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
F. BEUSCHLEIN and M. REINCKE
Adrenocortical Tumorigenesis
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 1, 2006; 1088(1): 319 - 334.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
I. Bourdeau, L. Matyakhina, S. G. Stergiopoulos, F. Sandrini, S. Boikos, and C. A. Stratakis
17q22-24 Chromosomal Losses and Alterations of Protein Kinase A Subunit Expression and Activity in Adrenocorticotropin-Independent Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2006; 91(9): 3626 - 3632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Lampron, I. Bourdeau, P. Hamet, J. Tremblay, and A. Lacroix
Whole Genome Expression Profiling of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP)- and Adrenocorticotropin-Dependent Adrenal Hyperplasias Reveals Novel Targets for the Study of GIP-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2006; 91(9): 3611 - 3618.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
M. Alevizaki, K. Saltiki, E. Mantzou, E. Anastasiou, and I. Huhtaniemi
The adrenal gland may be a target of LH action in postmenopausal women.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., June 1, 2006; 154(6): 875 - 881.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. O. Boylan, L. I. Jepeal, and M. M. Wolfe
Sp1/Sp3 binding is associated with cell-specific expression of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor gene
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2006; 290(6): E1287 - E1295.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
V. Perraudin, C. Delarue, H. Lefebvre, J.-L. Do Rego, H. Vaudry, and J.-M. Kuhn
Evidence for a Role of Vasopressin in the Control of Aldosterone Secretion in Primary Aldosteronism: in Vitro and in Vivo Studies
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2006; 91(4): 1566 - 1572.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. Saner-Amigh, B. A. Mayhew, F. Mantero, F. Schiavi, P. C. White, C. V. Rao, and W. E. Rainey
Elevated Expression of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor in Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2006; 91(3): 1136 - 1142.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. L. Mazzuco, O. Chabre, J.-J. Feige, and M. Thomas
Aberrant Expression of Human Luteinizing Hormone Receptor by Adrenocortical Cells Is Sufficient to Provoke Both Hyperplasia and Cushing's Syndrome Features
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2006; 91(1): 196 - 203.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
R. Libe and J. Bertherat
Molecular genetics of adrenocortical tumours, from familial to sporadic diseases
Eur. J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2005; 153(4): 477 - 487.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
V. Baldacchino, S. Oble, P.-O. Decarie, I. Bourdeau, P. Hamet, J. Tremblay, and A. Lacroix
The Sp transcription factors are involved in the cellular expression of the human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor gene and overexpressed in adrenals of patients with Cushing's syndrome
J. Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2005; 35(1): 61 - 71.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Ascoli
Learning New Tricks from an Old Dog: The Processing of the Intracellular Precursor of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor (LHR) into the Mature Cell-Surface LHR Is a Regulated Process
Endocrinology, August 1, 2005; 146(8): 3221 - 3223.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
P. M. Apaja, J. T. Aatsinki, H. J. Rajaniemi, and U. E. Petaja-Repo
Expression of the Mature Luteinizing Hormone Receptor in Rodent Urogenital and Adrenal Tissues Is Developmentally Regulated at a Posttranslational Level
Endocrinology, August 1, 2005; 146(8): 3224 - 3232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Mazzocchi, P. Rebuffat, A. Ziolkowska, G. P. Rossi, L. K. Malendowicz, and G. G. Nussdorfer
G Protein Receptors 7 and 8 Are Expressed in Human Adrenocortical Cells, and Their Endogenous Ligands Neuropeptides B and W Enhance Cortisol Secretion by Activating Adenylate Cyclase- and Phospholipase C-Dependent Signaling Cascades
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2005; 90(6): 3466 - 3471.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. Matyakhina, R. J. Freedman, I. Bourdeau, M.-H. Wei, S. G. Stergiopoulos, A. Chidakel, M. Walther, M. Abu-Asab, M. Tsokos, M. Keil, et al.
Hereditary Leiomyomatosis Associated with Bilateral, Massive, Macronodular Adrenocortical Disease and Atypical Cushing Syndrome: A Clinical and Molecular Genetic Investigation
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2005; 90(6): 3773 - 3779.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
V. Contesse, Y. Reznik, E. Louiset, C. Duparc, D. Cartier, F. Sicard, A. Laquerriere, F. Parmentier, J.-M. Kuhn, H. Vaudry, et al.
Abnormal Sensitivity of Cortisol-Producing Adrenocortical Adenomas to Serotonin: In Vivo and in Vitro Studies
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2005; 90(5): 2843 - 2850.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
F. M. Swords, S. Aylwin, L. Perry, J. Arola, A. B. Grossman, J. P. Monson, and A. J. L. Clark
The Aberrant Expression of the Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP) Receptor in Adrenal Hyperplasia: Does Chronic Adrenocorticotropin Exposure Stimulate Up-Regulation of GIP Receptors in Cushing's Disease?
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2005; 90(5): 3009 - 3016.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
R. G. Dluhy, M. M. Maher, and C.-L. Wu
Case 7-2005 - A 59-Year-Old Woman with an Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Nodule
N. Engl. J. Med., March 10, 2005; 352(10): 1025 - 1032.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. O. van Aken, A. M Pereira, S. W. van Thiel, G. van den Berg, M. Frolich, J. D. Veldhuis, J. A. Romijn, and F. Roelfsema
Irregular and Frequent Cortisol Secretory Episodes with Preserved Diurnal Rhythmicity in Primary Adrenal Cushing's Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 1570 - 1577.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. Bertherat, V. Contesse, E. Louiset, G. Barrande, C. Duparc, L. Groussin, P. Emy, X. Bertagna, J.-M. Kuhn, H. Vaudry, et al.
In Vivo and in Vitro Screening for Illegitimate Receptors in Adrenocorticotropin-Independent Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia Causing Cushing's Syndrome: Identification of Two Cases of Gonadotropin/Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide-Dependent Hypercortisolism
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 1302 - 1310.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. O. van Aken, A. M. Pereira, M. Frolich, J. A. Romijn, H. Pijl, J. D. Veldhuis, and F. Roelfsema
Growth hormone secretion in primary adrenal Cushing's syndrome is disorderly and inversely correlated with body mass index
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2005; 288(1): E63 - E70.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
G. Mansmann, J. Lau, E. Balk, M. Rothberg, Y. Miyachi, and S. R. Bornstein
The Clinically Inapparent Adrenal Mass: Update in Diagnosis and Management
Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2004; 25(2): 309 - 340.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
P. Rodien, N. Jordan, A. Lefevre, J. Royer, C. Vasseur, F. Savagner, A. Bourdelot, and V. Rohmer
Abnormal stimulation of the thyrotrophin receptor during gestation
Hum. Reprod. Update, March 1, 2004; 10(2): 95 - 105.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Arnaldi, A. Angeli, A. B. Atkinson, X. Bertagna, F. Cavagnini, G. P. Chrousos, G. A. Fava, J. W. Findling, R. C. Gaillard, A. B. Grossman, et al.
Diagnosis and Complications of Cushing's Syndrome: A Consensus Statement
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2003; 88(12): 5593 - 5602.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Mannelli, P. Ferruzzi, P. Luciani, C. Crescioli, L. Buci, G. Corona, M. Serio, and A. Peri
Cushing's Syndrome in a Patient with Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia Responding to Cisapride: An in Vivo and in Vitro Study
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2003; 88(10): 4616 - 4622.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Bielinska, H. Parviainen, S. B. Porter-Tinge, S. Kiiveri, E. Genova, N. Rahman, I. T. Huhtaniemi, L. J. Muglia, M. Heikinheimo, and D. B. Wilson
Mouse Strain Susceptibility to Gonadectomy-Induced Adrenocortical Tumor Formation Correlates with the Expression of GATA-4 and Luteinizing Hormone Receptor
Endocrinology, September 1, 2003; 144(9): 4123 - 4133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
I. Bourdeau, A. Lacroix, W. Schurch, P. Caron, T. Antakly, and C. A. Stratakis
Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease: Paradoxical Responses of Cortisol Secretion to Dexamethasone Occur in Vitro and Are Associated with Increased Expression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2003; 88(8): 3931 - 3937.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
D. Rosenberg, L. Groussin, E. Jullian, K. Perlemoine, S. Medjane, A. Louvel, X. Bertagna, and J. Bertherat
Transcription Factor 3',5'-Cyclic Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate-Responsive Element-Binding Protein (CREB) Is Decreased during Human Adrenal Cortex Tumorigenesis and Fetal Development
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2003; 88(8): 3958 - 3965.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
H. Lefebvre, C. Duparc, N. Chartrel, S. Jegou, A. Pellerin, A. Laquerriere, R. Ivell, H. Vaudry, and J.-M. Kuhn
Intraadrenal Adrenocorticotropin Production in a Case of Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia Causing Cushing's Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2003; 88(7): 3035 - 3042.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
H. Raff and J. W. Findling
A Physiologic Approach to Diagnosis of the Cushing Syndrome
Ann Intern Med, June 17, 2003; 138(12): 980 - 991.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. C. B. V. Fragoso, S. Domenice, A. C. Latronico, R. M. Martin, M. A. A. Pereira, M. C. N. Zerbini, A. M. Lucon, and B. B. Mendonca
Cushing's Syndrome Secondary to Adrenocorticotropin-Independent Macronodular Adrenocortical Hyperplasia due to Activating Mutations of GNAS1 Gene
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2003; 88(5): 2147 - 2151.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. O. Goodarzi, D. W. Dawson, X. Li, Z. Lei, P. Shintaku, C. V. Rao, and A. J. Van Herle
Virilization in Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia Controlled by Luteinizing Hormone
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2003; 88(1): 73 - 77.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. A. Feelders, S. W. J. Lamberts, L. J. Hofland, P. M. van Koetsveld, M. Verhoef-Post, A. P. N. Themmen, F. H. de Jong, H. J. Bonjer, A. J. Clark, A.-J. van der Lely, et al.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)-Responsive Cushing's Syndrome: The Demonstration of LH Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Hyperplastic Adrenal Cells, which Respond to Chorionic Gonadotropin and Serotonin Agonists in Vitro
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2003; 88(1): 230 - 237.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
D. Cartier, I. Lihrmann, F. Parmentier, C. Bastard, J. Bertherat, P. Caron, J.-M. Kuhn, A. Lacroix, A. Tabarin, J. Young, et al.
Overexpression of Serotonin4 Receptors in Cisapride-Responsive Adrenocorticotropin-Independent Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia Causing Cushing's Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2003; 88(1): 248 - 254.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. A. Koch, K. Pacak, and G. P. Chrousos
The Molecular Pathogenesis of Hereditary and Sporadic Adrenocortical and Adrenomedullary Tumors
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2002; 87(12): 5367 - 5384.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. Mune, H. Murase, N. Yamakita, T. Fukuda, M. Murayama, A. Miura, T. Suwa, J. Hanafusa, H. Daido, H. Morita, et al.
Eutopic Overexpression of Vasopressin V1a Receptor in Adrenocorticotropin-Independent Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2002; 87(12): 5706 - 5713.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. Groussin, E. Jullian, K. Perlemoine, A. Louvel, B. Leheup, J. P. Luton, X. Bertagna, and J. Bertherat
Mutations of the PRKAR1A Gene in Cushing's Syndrome due to Sporadic Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2002; 87(9): 4324 - 4329.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
D. ROSENBERG, L. GROUSSIN, E. JULLIAN, K. PERLEMOINE, X. BERTAGNA, and J. BERTHERAT
Role of the PKA-Regulated Transcription Factor CREB in Development and Tumorigenesis of Endocrine Tissues
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., June 1, 2002; 968(1): 65 - 74.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
I. BOURDEAU and C. A. STRATAKIS
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Signaling Aberrations in Macronodular Adrenal Disease
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., June 1, 2002; 968(1): 240 - 255.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. Groussin, K. Perlemoine, V. Contesse, H. Lefebvre, A. Tabarin, P. Thieblot, J. L. Schlienger, J. P. Luton, X. Bertagna, and J. Bertherat
The Ectopic Expression of the Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Receptor Is Frequent in Adrenocorticotropin-Independent Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia, but Rare in Unilateral Tumors
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2002; 87(5): 1980 - 1985.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
M. Ascoli, F. Fanelli, and D. L. Segaloff
The Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor, A 2002 Perspective
Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2002; 23(2): 141 - 174.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
T. Piltonen, R. Koivunen, L. Morin-Papunen, A. Ruokonen, I.T. Huhtaniemi, and J.S. Tapanainen
Ovarian and adrenal steroid production: regulatory role of LH/HCG
Hum. Reprod., March 1, 2002; 17(3): 620 - 624.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. A. Koch and G. P. Chrousos
Is the Diminuto/Dwarf1 Gene Involved in Physiologic Adrenocortical Size Regulation and Tumor Formation?
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2001; 86(11): 5127 - 5129.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
I. Bourdeau, P. D'Amour, P. Hamet, J.-M. Boutin, and A. Lacroix
Aberrant Membrane Hormone Receptors in Incidentally Discovered Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia with Subclinical Cushing's Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2001; 86(11): 5534 - 5540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Cote, G. Guillon, M. D. Payet, and N. Gallo-Payet
Expression and Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms in the Human Adrenal Gland
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2001; 86(9): 4495 - 4503.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
R. Khardori, M. Boscaro, L. Barzon, and N. Sonino
Considerations in Diagnosis of Cushing Syndrome
Arch Intern Med, July 23, 2001; 161(14): 1780 - 1780.
[Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res. All Endocrine Journals
Copyright © 2001 by The Endocrine Society