Derek Le Roith,
Carolyn Bondy,
Shoshana Yakar,
Jun-Li Liu and
Andrew Butler
Clinical Endocrinology Branch (D.L., S.Y. J.-L. L.), and
the Developmental Endocrinology Branch (C.B.), National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and the Vollum Institute (A.B.),
Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201
Since the original somatomedin hypothesis was conceived, a numberof
important discoveries have allowed investigators to modifythe concept.
Originally somatic growth was thought to be controlledby pituitary GH
and mediated by circulating insulin-like growthfactor-I (IGF-I,
somatomedin C) expressed exclusively by theliver. With the discovery
that IGF-I is produced by most, ifnot all, tissues, the role of
autocrine/paracrine IGF-I vs.the circulating form has
been hotly debated. Recent experimentsusing transgenic and
gene-deletion technologies have attemptedto answer these questions. In
the liver-specific igf-1 gene-deletedmouse model,
postnatal growth and development are normal despitethe marked
reduction in circulating IGF-I and IGF-binding proteinlevels; free
IGF-I levels are normal. Thus, the normal postnatalgrowth and
development in these animals may be due to normalfree IGF-I levels
(from as yet unidentified sources), althoughthe role of
autocrine/paracrine IGF-I has yet to be determined.
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P. E. Mullis, I. C. A. F. Robinson, S. Salemi, A. Eble, A. Besson, J.-M. Vuissoz, J. Deladoey, D. Simon, P. Czernichow, and G. Binder Isolated Autosomal Dominant Growth Hormone Deficiency: An Evolving Pituitary Deficit? A Multicenter Follow-Up Study
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H. Kim, E. Barton, N. Muja, S. Yakar, P. Pennisi, and D. LeRoith Intact Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Signaling Is Required for Growth Hormone Effects on Skeletal Muscle Growth and Function in Vivo
Endocrinology,
April 1, 2005;
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J Cruickshank, D I Grossman, R K Peng, T R Famula, and A M Oberbauer Spatial distribution of growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and apoptotic chondrocytes during growth plate development
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M. A Martin, P. Serradas, S. Ramos, E. Fernandez, L. Goya, M. N. Gangnerau, M. Lacorne, A. M. Pascual-Leone, F. Escriva, B. Portha, et al. Protein-Caloric Food Restriction Affects Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in Fetal Wistar Rat
Endocrinology,
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Z. D. Sharp and A. Bartke Evidence for Down-Regulation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR)-Dependent Translation Regulatory Signaling Pathways in Ames Dwarf Mice
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci,
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V. Cingel-Ristic, B. F. Schrijvers, A. K. van Vliet, R. Rasch, V. K. M. Han, S. L. S. Drop, and A. Flyvbjerg Kidney Growth in Normal and Diabetic Mice Is Not Affected by Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 Administration
Exp Biol Med,
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E. G. Brown, M. J. VandeHaar, K. M. Daniels, J. S. Liesman, L. T. Chapin, D. H. Keisler, and M. S. W. Nielsen Effect of Increasing Energy and Protein Intake on Body Growth and Carcass Composition of Heifer Calves
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S. B. Roberts, L. A. R. McCauley, R. H. Devlin, and F. W. Goetz Transgenic salmon overexpressing growth hormone exhibit decreased myostatin transcript and protein expression
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V. Cingel-Ristic, J. W. van Neck, J. Frystyk, S. L. S. Drop, and A. Flyvbjerg Administration of Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-1 Increases Circulating Levels of Growth Hormone in Mice
Endocrinology,
September 1, 2004;
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J.-L. Liu, K. T. Coschigano, K. Robertson, M. Lipsett, Y. Guo, J. J. Kopchick, U. Kumar, and Y. L. Liu Disruption of growth hormone receptor gene causes diminished pancreatic islet size and increased insulin sensitivity in mice
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September 1, 2004;
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P. Stattin, S. Rinaldi, C. Biessy, U.-H. Stenman, G. Hallmans, and R. Kaaks High Levels of Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Increase Prostate Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study in a Population-Based Nonscreened Cohort
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A. Baez-Saldana and E. Ortega Biotin Deficiency Blocks Thymocyte Maturation, Accelerates Thymus Involution, and Decreases Nose-Rump Length in Mice
J. Nutr.,
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T. Shavlakadze, M. Davies, J. D. White, and M. D. Grounds Early Regeneration of Whole Skeletal Muscle Grafts Is Unaffected by Overexpression of IGF-1 in MLC/mIGF-1 Transgenic Mice
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J. M. Fitts, R. M. Klein, and C. A. Powers Comparison of Tamoxifen and Testosterone Propionate in Male Rats: Differential Prevention of Orchidectomy Effects on Sex Organs, Bone Mass, Growth, and the Growth Hormone-IGF-I Axis
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R. G. Richards, D. M. Klotz, M. P. Walker, and R. P. DiAugustine Mammary Gland Branching Morphogenesis Is Diminished in Mice with a Deficiency of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I), But Not in Mice with a Liver-Specific Deletion of IGF-I
Endocrinology,
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M. Koutsilieris, C. S. Mitsiades, J. Bogdanos, T. Dimopoulos, D. Karamanolakis, C. Milathianakis, and A. Tsintavis Combination of Somatostatin Analog, Dexamethasone, and Standard Androgen Ablation Therapy in Stage D3 Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases
Clin. Cancer Res.,
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S. I. Chisalita and H. J. Arnqvist Insulin-like growth factor I receptors are more abundant than insulin receptors in human micro- and macrovascular endothelial cells
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R. P. Rhoads, J. W. Kim, B. J. Leury, L. H. Baumgard, N. Segoale, S. J. Frank, D. E. Bauman, and Y. R. Boisclair Insulin Increases the Abundance of the Growth Hormone Receptor in Liver and Adipose Tissue of Periparturient Dairy Cows
J. Nutr.,
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J. Ayuk, R. N. Clayton, G. Holder, M. C. Sheppard, P. M. Stewart, and A. S. Bates Growth Hormone and Pituitary Radiotherapy, But Not Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentrations, Predict Excess Mortality in Patients with Acromegaly
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
April 1, 2004;
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R. R. Kraemer, R. J. Durand, E. O. Acevedo, L. G. Johnson, G. R. Kraemer, E. P. Hebert, and V. D. Castracane Rigorous Running Increases Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Without Altering Ghrelin
Exp Biol Med,
March 1, 2004;
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F. Tronche, C. Opherk, R. Moriggl, C. Kellendonk, A. Reimann, L. Schwake, H. M. Reichardt, K. Stangl, D. Gau, A. Hoeflich, et al. Glucocorticoid receptor function in hepatocytes is essential to promote postnatal body growth
Genes & Dev.,
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J. Woelfle and P. Rotwein In vivo regulation of growth hormone-stimulated gene transcription by STAT5b
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
March 1, 2004;
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H. M. Domene, S. V. Bengolea, A. S. Martinez, M. G. Ropelato, P. Pennisi, P. Scaglia, J. J. Heinrich, and H. G. Jasper Deficiency of the Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor System Associated with Inactivation of the Acid-Labile Subunit Gene
N. Engl. J. Med.,
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A. Colao, D. Ferone, P. Marzullo, and G. Lombardi Systemic Complications of Acromegaly: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management
Endocr. Rev.,
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
