Endocrine and Paracrine Regulation of Birth at Term and Preterm1
John R.G. Challis,
Stephen G. Matthews,
William Gibb and
Stephen J. Lye
Departments of Physiology (J.R.G.C., S.G.M., W.G., S.J.L.) and of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.R.G.C., S.G.M., S.J.L.), University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M55 1A8; Program in Development
and Fetal Health (J.R.G.C., S.J.L.), Samuel Lunenfeld Research
Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5;
MRC Group in Fetal and Neonatal Health and Development (J.R.G.C.,
S.J.L.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and
Cellular and Molecular Medicine (W.G.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
We have examined factors concerned with the maintenance of
uterinequiescence during pregnancy and the onset of uterine activity
atterm in an animal model, the sheep, and in primate species.We
suggest that in both species the fetus exerts a criticalrole in the
processes leading to birth, and that activationof the fetal
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a centralmechanism by which the
fetal influence on gestation length isexerted. Increased cortisol
output from the fetal adrenal glandis a common characteristic across
animal species. In primates,there is, in addition, increased output of
estrogen precursorfrom the adrenal in late gestation. The end result,
however,in primates and in sheep is similar: an increase in estrogen
productionfrom the placenta and intrauterine tissues. We have revised
thepathway by which endocrine events associated with parturitionin
the sheep come about and suggest that fetal cortisol directlyaffects
placental PGHS expression. In human pregnancy we suggestthat cortisol
increases PGHS expression, activity, and PG outputin human fetal
membranes in a similar manner. Simultaneously,cortisol contributes to
decreases in PG metabolism and to afeed-forward loop involving
elevation of CRH production fromintrauterine tissues. In human
pregnancy, there is no systemicwithdrawal of progesterone in late
gestation. We have arguedthat high circulating progesterone
concentrations are requiredto effect regionalization of uterine
activity, with predominantlyrelaxation in the lower uterine segment,
allowing contractionsin the fundal region to precipitate delivery.
This new information,arising from basic and clinical studies, should
further thedevelopment of new methods of diagnosing the patient
at riskof preterm labor, and the use of scientifically based
strategiesspecifically for the management of this condition, which
willimprove the health of the newborn.
This article has been cited by other articles:
S. G. Matthews and D. I. W. Phillips Minireview: Transgenerational Inheritance of the Stress Response: A New Frontier in Stress Research
Endocrinology,
January 1, 2010;
151(1):
7 - 13.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. M. Guo, X. O. Zhu, X. T. Ni, Z. Yang, L. Myatt, and K. Sun Expression of Progesterone Receptor A form and Its Role in the Interaction of Progesterone with Cortisol on Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Amnionic Fibroblasts
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
December 1, 2009;
94(12):
5085 - 5092.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
K. L. Connor, J. R. G. Challis, P. van Zijl, C. W. Rumball, S. Alix, A. L. Jaquiery, M. H. Oliver, J. E. Harding, and F. H. Bloomfield Do Alterations in Placental 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (11{beta}HSD) Activities Explain Differences in Fetal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Function Following Periconceptional Undernutrition or Twinning in Sheep?
Reproductive Sciences,
December 1, 2009;
16(12):
1201 - 1212.
[Abstract][PDF]
M. R. Kramer and C. R. Hogue What Causes Racial Disparities in Very Preterm Birth? A Biosocial Perspective
Epidemiol. Rev.,
November 1, 2009;
31(1):
84 - 98.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
X. O. Zhu, Z. Yang, C. M. Guo, X. T. Ni, J. N. Li, Y. C. Ge, L. Myatt, and K. Sun Paradoxical Stimulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression by Glucocorticoids via a Cyclic AMP Response Element in Human Amnion Fibroblasts
Mol. Endocrinol.,
November 1, 2009;
23(11):
1839 - 1849.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
B. F. Mitchell and M. J. Taggart Are animal models relevant to key aspects of human parturition?
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol,
September 1, 2009;
297(3):
R525 - R545.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
X. Dong, C. Yu, O. Shynlova, J. R. G. Challis, P. S. Rennie, and S. J. Lye p54nrb Is a Transcriptional Corepressor of the Progesterone Receptor that Modulates Transcription of the Labor-Associated Gene, Connexin 43 (Gja1)
Mol. Endocrinol.,
August 1, 2009;
23(8):
1147 - 1160.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A J Tyson-Capper, E A Shiells, and S C Robson Interplay between polypyrimidine tract binding protein-associated splicing factor and human myometrial progesterone receptors
J. Mol. Endocrinol.,
July 1, 2009;
43(1):
29 - 41.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. R. Mendelson Minireview: Fetal-Maternal Hormonal Signaling in Pregnancy and Labor
Mol. Endocrinol.,
July 1, 2009;
23(7):
947 - 954.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
E. R. Norwitz A Blood Test to Predict Preterm Birth: Don't Mess with Maternal-Fetal Stress
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
June 1, 2009;
94(6):
1886 - 1889.
[Full Text][PDF]
K. L. Connor, F. H. Bloomfield, M. H. Oliver, J. E. Harding, and J. R. G. Challis Effect of Periconceptional Undernutrition in Sheep on Late Gestation Expression of mRNA and Protein From Genes Involved in Fetal Adrenal Steroidogenesis and Placental Prostaglandin Production
Reproductive Sciences,
June 1, 2009;
16(6):
573 - 583.
[Abstract][PDF]
A. Imperatore, Wei Li, F. Petraglia, and J. R. G. Challis Urocortin 2 Stimulates Estradiol Secretion From Cultured Human Placental Cells: An Effect Mediated by the Type 2 Corticotrophin-releasing Hormone (CRH) Receptor
Reproductive Sciences,
June 1, 2009;
16(6):
551 - 558.
[Abstract][PDF]
P. Jeyasuria, J. Wetzel, M. Bradley, K. Subedi, and J. C. Condon Progesterone-Regulated Caspase 3 Action in the Mouse May Play a Role in Uterine Quiescence During Pregnancy Through Fragmentation of Uterine Myocyte Contractile Proteins
Biol Reprod,
May 1, 2009;
80(5):
928 - 934.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
B. C. Timmons, A.-M. Fairhurst, and M. S. Mahendroo Temporal Changes in Myeloid Cells in the Cervix during Pregnancy and Parturition
J. Immunol.,
March 1, 2009;
182(5):
2700 - 2707.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. R. Challis, C. J. Lockwood, L. Myatt, J. E. Norman, J. F. Strauss III, and F. Petraglia Inflammation and Pregnancy
Reproductive Sciences,
February 1, 2009;
16(2):
206 - 215.
[Abstract][PDF]
K.K. Ryckman, H.N. Simhan, M.A. Krohn, and S.M. Williams Predicting risk of bacterial vaginosis: the role of race, smoking and corticotropin-releasing hormone-related genes
Mol. Hum. Reprod.,
February 1, 2009;
15(2):
131 - 137.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
G. Helguera, M. Eghbali, D. Sforza, T. Y. Minosyan, L. Toro, and E. Stefani Changes in global gene expression in rat myometrium in transition from late pregnancy to parturition
Physiol Genomics,
January 8, 2009;
36(2):
89 - 97.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. A. Carvajal, A. M. Delpiano, M. A. Cuello, J. A. Poblete, P. C. Casanello, L. A. Sobrevia, and C. P. Weiner Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Produced by the Human Chorioamnion May Mediate Pregnancy Myometrial Quiescence
Reproductive Sciences,
January 1, 2009;
16(1):
32 - 42.
[Abstract][PDF]
P. Arthur, M. J. Taggart, B. Zielnik, S. Wong, and B. F. Mitchell Relationship between gene expression and function of uterotonic systems in the rat during gestation, uterine activation and both term and preterm labour
J. Physiol.,
December 15, 2008;
586(24):
6063 - 6076.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. J Henderson, P. E Hartmann, T. J M Moss, D. A Doherty, and J. P Newnham Disrupted secretory activation of the mammary gland after antenatal glucocorticoid treatment in sheep
Reproduction,
November 1, 2008;
136(5):
649 - 655.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A. Dubicke, A. Akerud, M. Sennstrom, R. Rafik Hamad, B. Bystrom, A. Malmstrom, and G. Ekman-Ordeberg Different secretion patterns of matrix metalloproteinases and IL-8 and effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone in preterm and term cervical fibroblasts
Mol. Hum. Reprod.,
November 1, 2008;
14(11):
641 - 647.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. Zhang, R. Sundaram, W. Sun, and J. Troendle Fetal Growth and Timing of Parturition in Humans
Am. J. Epidemiol.,
October 15, 2008;
168(8):
946 - 951.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. Torricelli, L. Galleri, C. Voltolini, G. Biliotti, P. Florio, M. De Bonis, and F. Petraglia Changes of Placental Kiss-1 mRNA Expression and Maternal/Cord Kisspeptin Levels at Preterm Delivery
Reproductive Sciences,
October 1, 2008;
15(8):
779 - 784.
[Abstract][PDF]
M. Serrano-Sanchez, Z. Tanfin, and D. Leiber Signaling Pathways Involved in Sphingosine Kinase Activation and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Release in Rat Myometrium in Late Pregnancy: Role in the Induction of Cyclooxygenase 2
Endocrinology,
September 1, 2008;
149(9):
4669 - 4679.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A. E. Michael and A. T. Papageorghiou Potential significance of physiological and pharmacological glucocorticoids in early pregnancy
Hum. Reprod. Update,
September 1, 2008;
14(5):
497 - 517.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
G. Latendresse and R. J. Ruiz Bioassay Research Methodology: Measuring CRH in Pregnancy
Biol Res Nurs,
July 1, 2008;
10(1):
54 - 62.
[Abstract][PDF]
Z. Zeng, M. C. Velarde, F. A. Simmen, and R. C.M. Simmen Delayed Parturition and Altered Myometrial Progesterone Receptor Isoform A Expression in Mice Null for Kruppel-Like Factor 9
Biol Reprod,
June 1, 2008;
78(6):
1029 - 1037.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
P. Ciarmela, E. Wiater, and W. Vale Activin-A in Myometrium: Characterization of the Actions on Myometrial Cells
Endocrinology,
May 1, 2008;
149(5):
2506 - 2516.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
K. Sato, H. Chisaka, K. Okamura, and J. R.G. Challis Effect of the Interaction Between Lipoxygenase Pathway and Progesterone on the Regulation of Hydroxysteroid 11-Beta Dehydrogenase 2 in Cultured Human Term Placental Trophoblasts
Biol Reprod,
March 1, 2008;
78(3):
514 - 520.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
Guoyang Luo, T. Morgan, M. O. Bahtiyar, V. V. Snegovskikh, F. Schatz, E. Kuczynski, E. F. Funai, A. T. Dulay, S.-T. J. Huang, C. S. Buhimschi, et al. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Human Progesterone Receptor Gene and Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Reproductive Sciences,
February 1, 2008;
15(2):
147 - 155.
[Abstract][PDF]
V. Casciani, E. Marinoni, A. D. Bocking, M. Moscarini, R. Di Iorio, and J. R. G. Challis Opposite Effect of Phorbol Ester PMA on PTGS2 and PGDH mRNA Expression in Human Chorion Trophoblast Cells
Reproductive Sciences,
January 1, 2008;
15(1):
40 - 50.
[Abstract][PDF]
J. D. Roizen, M. Asada, M. Tong, H.-H. Tai, and L. J. Muglia Preterm Birth without Progesterone Withdrawal in 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Hypomorphic Mice
Mol. Endocrinol.,
January 1, 2008;
22(1):
105 - 112.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
V. Sitras, R.H. Paulssen, H. Gronaas, A. Vartun, and G. Acharya Gene expression profile in labouring and non-labouring human placenta near term
Mol. Hum. Reprod.,
January 1, 2008;
14(1):
61 - 65.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
W. E Ackerman IV, T. L.S Summerfield, D. D Vandre, J. M Robinson, and D. A Kniss Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Regulates Inducible Prostaglandin E Synthase Expression in Human Amnion Mesenchymal Cells
Biol Reprod,
January 1, 2008;
78(1):
68 - 76.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. Guo, Z. Yang, W. Li, P. Zhu, L. Myatt, and K. Sun Paradox of Glucocorticoid-Induced Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Group IVA Messenger RNA Expression Involves Glucocorticoid Receptor Binding to the Promoter in Human Amnion Fibroblasts
Biol Reprod,
January 1, 2008;
78(1):
193 - 197.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. T. Ross, I. C. McMillen, F. Lok, A. G. Thiel, J. A. Owens, and C. L. Coulter Intrafetal Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Infusion Stimulates Adrenal Growth But Not Steroidogenesis in the Sheep Fetus during Late Gestation
Endocrinology,
November 1, 2007;
148(11):
5424 - 5432.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
P Florio, P J Lowry, C Benedetto, L Galleri, M Torricelli, A Giovannelli, R Battista, F M Reis, and F Petraglia Maternal plasma corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF-binding protein (CRF-BP) levels in post-term pregnancy: effect of prostaglandin administration
Eur. J. Endocrinol.,
September 1, 2007;
157(3):
279 - 284.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C Chandras, T E Harris, A L. Bernal, D R E Abayasekara, and A E Michael PTGER1 and PTGER2 receptors mediate regulation of progesterone synthesis and type 1 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by prostaglandin E2 in human granulosa lutein cells
J. Endocrinol.,
September 1, 2007;
194(3):
595 - 602.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
D. C. Wathes, D. R. E. Abayasekara, and R. J. Aitken Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Male and Female Reproduction
Biol Reprod,
August 1, 2007;
77(2):
190 - 201.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
D. Markovic, M. Vatish, M. Gu, D. Slater, R. Newton, H. Lehnert, and D. K. Grammatopoulos The Onset of Labor Alters Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Type 1 Receptor Variant Expression in Human Myometrium: Putative Role of Interleukin-1{beta}
Endocrinology,
July 1, 2007;
148(7):
3205 - 3213.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A. M. Blanks, Z.-H. Zhao, A. Shmygol, G. Bru-Mercier, S. Astle, and S. Thornton Characterization of the molecular and electrophysiological properties of the T-type calcium channel in human myometrium
J. Physiol.,
June 15, 2007;
581(3):
915 - 926.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M.-J. Leroy, E. Dallot, I. Czerkiewicz, T. Schmitz, and M. Breuiller-Fouche Inflammation of Choriodecidua Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Mediated Apoptosis of Human Myometrial Cells
Biol Reprod,
May 1, 2007;
76(5):
769 - 776.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. Torricelli, A. Giovannelli, E. Leucci, G. De Falco, F. M. Reis, A. Imperatore, P. Florio, and F. Petraglia Labor (Term and Preterm) Is Associated With Changes in the Placental mRNA Expression of Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor
Reproductive Sciences,
April 1, 2007;
14(3):
241 - 245.
[Abstract][PDF]
R. M. Rizek, C. S. Watson, S. Keating, H.-H. Tai, J. R. G. Challis, and A. D. Bocking 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Protein Expression in Human Fetal Membranes With and Without Subclinical Inflammation
Reproductive Sciences,
April 1, 2007;
14(3):
260 - 269.
[Abstract][PDF]
M. Kawamata, Y. Tonomura, T. Kimura, Y. Sugimoto, T. Yanagisawa, and K. Nishimori Oxytocin-induced phasic and tonic contractions are modulated by the contractile machinery rather than the quantity of oxytocin receptor
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
April 1, 2007;
292(4):
E992 - E999.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
W. Li, E. Unlugedik, A. D. Bocking, and J. R.G. Challis The Role of Prostaglandins in the Mechanism of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced proMMP9 Secretion from Human Placenta and Fetal Membrane Cells
Biol Reprod,
April 1, 2007;
76(4):
654 - 659.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
I. Garcia-Verdugo, D. Leiber, P. Robin, E. Billon-Denis, R. Chaby, and Z. Tanfin Direct Interaction of Surfactant Protein A with Myometrial Binding Sites: Signaling and Modulation by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide
Biol Reprod,
April 1, 2007;
76(4):
681 - 691.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
B. S. Knight, C. E. Pennell, R. Shah, and S. J. Lye Strain Differences in the Impact of Dietary Restriction on Fetal Growth and Pregnancy in Mice
Reproductive Sciences,
January 1, 2007;
14(1):
81 - 90.
[Abstract][PDF]
A. C. Buser, E. K. Gass-Handel, S. L. Wyszomierski, W. Doppler, S. A. Leonhardt, J. Schaack, J. M. Rosen, H. Watkin, S. M. Anderson, and D. P. Edwards Progesterone Receptor Repression of Prolactin/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5-Mediated Transcription of the {beta}-Casein Gene in Mammary Epithelial Cells
Mol. Endocrinol.,
January 1, 2007;
21(1):
106 - 125.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. Gidlof, A. Wedell, and A. Nordenstrom Gestational Age Correlates to Genotype in Girls with CYP21 Deficiency
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
January 1, 2007;
92(1):
246 - 249.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. Astle, R. Newton, S. Thornton, M. Vatish, and D.M. Slater Expression and regulation of prostaglandin E synthase isoforms in human myometrium with labour
Mol. Hum. Reprod.,
January 1, 2007;
13(1):
69 - 75.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
D. B. Hardy, B. A. Janowski, D. R. Corey, and C. R. Mendelson Progesterone Receptor Plays a Major Antiinflammatory Role in Human Myometrial Cells by Antagonism of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Activation of Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression
Mol. Endocrinol.,
November 1, 2006;
20(11):
2724 - 2733.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
E. Kanitz, W. Otten, and M. Tuchscherer Changes in endocrine and neurochemical profiles in neonatal pigs prenatally exposed to increased maternal cortisol.
J. Endocrinol.,
October 1, 2006;
191(1):
207 - 220.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S.R. Sooranna, P.L. Grigsby, N. Engineer, Z. Liang, K. Sun, L. Myatt, and M.R. Johnson Myometrial prostaglandin E2 synthetic enzyme mRNA expression: spatial and temporal variations with pregnancy and labour
Mol. Hum. Reprod.,
October 1, 2006;
12(10):
625 - 631.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
E. Marinoni, C. Zacharopoulou, A. Di Rocco, C. Letizia, M. Moscarini, and R. Di Iorio Effect of Betamethasone In Vivo on Placental Adrenomedullin in Human Pregnancy
Reproductive Sciences,
September 1, 2006;
13(6):
418 - 424.
[Abstract][PDF]
H. Wang, S. K. Dey, and M. Maccarrone Jekyll and Hyde: Two Faces of Cannabinoid Signaling in Male and Female Fertility
Endocr. Rev.,
August 1, 2006;
27(5):
427 - 448.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. A. Carvajal, R. J. Vidal, M. A. Cuello, J. A. Poblete, and C. P. Weiner Mechanisms of Paracrine Regulation by Fetal Membranes of Human Uterine Quiescence
Reproductive Sciences,
July 1, 2006;
13(5):
343 - 349.
[Abstract][PDF]
J. L. Sarno, F. Schatz, C. J. Lockwood, S.-T. J. Huang, and H. S. Taylor Thrombin and Interleukin-1{beta} Regulate HOXA10 Expression in Human Term Decidual Cells: Implications for Preterm Labor
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
June 1, 2006;
91(6):
2366 - 2372.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
X. You, R. Yang, X. Tang, L. Gao, and X. Ni Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulates Estrogen Biosynthesis in Cultured Human Placental Trophoblasts
Biol Reprod,
June 1, 2006;
74(6):
1067 - 1072.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
W. Li, L. Gao, Y. Wang, T. Duan, L. Myatt, and K. Sun Enhancement of Cortisol-Induced 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1 Expression by Interleukin 1{beta} in Cultured Human Chorionic Trophoblast Cells
Endocrinology,
May 1, 2006;
147(5):
2490 - 2495.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
T. Schmitz, B. A Levine, and P. W Nathanielsz Localization and steroid regulation of prostaglandin E2 receptor protein expression in ovine cervix.
Reproduction,
April 1, 2006;
131(4):
743 - 750.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. C. Condon, D. B. Hardy, K. Kovaric, and C. R. Mendelson Up-Regulation of the Progesterone Receptor (PR)-C Isoform in Laboring Myometrium by Activation of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B May Contribute to the Onset of Labor through Inhibition of PR Function
Mol. Endocrinol.,
April 1, 2006;
20(4):
764 - 775.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
V. E. Murphy, R. Smith, W. B. Giles, and V. L. Clifton Endocrine Regulation of Human Fetal Growth: The Role of the Mother, Placenta, and Fetus
Endocr. Rev.,
April 1, 2006;
27(2):
141 - 169.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A. Kapoor, E. Dunn, A. Kostaki, M. H. Andrews, and S. G. Matthews Fetal programming of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function: prenatal stress and glucocorticoids
J. Physiol.,
April 1, 2006;
572(1):
31 - 44.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
R. F Johnson, C. M Mitchell, W. B Giles, A. Bisits, and T. Zakar Mechanisms regulating prostaglandin H2 synthase-2 mRNA level in the amnion and chorion during pregnancy.
J. Endocrinol.,
March 1, 2006;
188(3):
603 - 610.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
B. Zhao, D. Koon, and K. E Bethin Identification of transcription factors at the site of implantation in the later stages of murine pregnancy.
Reproduction,
March 1, 2006;
131(3):
561 - 571.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. D. Roizen and L. J. Muglia Understanding the Timing of Birth: The Continuing Challenge to Prevent Prematurity
NeoReviews,
March 1, 2006;
7(3):
e151 - e159.
[Full Text][PDF]
A. J. Tyson-Capper and G. N. Europe-Finner Novel Targeting of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Pre-mRNA Using Antisense Morpholino Oligonucleotides Directed to the 3' Acceptor and 5' Donor Splice Sites of Exon 4: Suppression of COX-2 Activity in Human Amnion-Derived WISH and Myometrial Cells
Mol. Pharmacol.,
March 1, 2006;
69(3):
796 - 804.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. Torricelli, E. Ignacchiti, A. Giovannelli, A. Merola, E. Scarpetti, G. Calonaci, E. Picciolini, P. Florio, F. M Reis, E. A Linton, et al. Maternal plasma corticotrophin-releasing factor and urocortin levels in post-term pregnancies
Eur. J. Endocrinol.,
February 1, 2006;
154(2):
281 - 285.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
R. J. A. Helliwell, J. A. Keelan, K. W. Marvin, L. Adams, M. C. Chang, A. Anand, T. A. Sato, S. O'Carroll, T. Chaiworapongsa, R. J. Romero, et al. Gestational Age-Dependent Up-Regulation of Prostaglandin D Synthase (PGDS) and Production of PGDS-Derived Antiinflammatory Prostaglandins in Human Placenta
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
February 1, 2006;
91(2):
597 - 606.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
D. M. Slater, S. Astle, N. Woodcock, J. E. Chivers, N. C.J. de Wit, S. Thornton, M. Vatish, and R. Newton Anti-inflammatory and relaxatory effects of prostaglandin E2 in myometrial smooth muscle
Mol. Hum. Reprod.,
February 1, 2006;
12(2):
89 - 97.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
K. Yang, L. Julan, F. Rubio, A. Sharma, and H. Guan Cadmium reduces 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity and expression in human placental trophoblast cells
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
January 1, 2006;
290(1):
E135 - E142.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. D. Mitchell Unique Suppression of Prostaglandin H Synthase-2 Expression by Inhibition of Histone Deacetylation, Specifically in Human Amnion but Not Adjacent Choriodecidua
Mol. Biol. Cell,
January 1, 2006;
17(1):
549 - 553.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
T. Welsh, C. M. Mitchell, W. A. Walters, S. Mesiano, and T. Zakar Prostaglandin H2 synthase-1 and -2 expression in guinea pig gestational tissues during late pregnancy and parturition
J. Physiol.,
December 15, 2005;
569(3):
903 - 912.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
W. Li and J. R. G. Challis Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Urocortin Induce Secretion of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) without Change in Tissue Inhibitors of MMP-1 by Cultured Cells from Human Placenta and Fetal Membranes
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
December 1, 2005;
90(12):
6569 - 6574.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S.R. Sooranna, P. Grigsby, L. Myatt, P.R. Bennett, and M.R. Johnson Prostanoid receptors in human uterine myocytes: the effect of reproductive state and stretch
Mol. Hum. Reprod.,
December 1, 2005;
11(12):
859 - 864.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
T. M Lindstrom and P. R Bennett The role of nuclear factor kappa B in human labour
Reproduction,
November 1, 2005;
130(5):
569 - 581.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
R. A. Word, C. P. Landrum, B. C. Timmons, S. G. Young, and M. S. Mahendroo Transgene Insertion on Mouse Chromosome 6 Impairs Function of the Uterine Cervix and Causes Failure of Parturition
Biol Reprod,
November 1, 2005;
73(5):
1046 - 1056.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
B. M. Sanborn, C.-Y. Ku, S. Shlykov, and L. Babich Molecular Signaling Through G-Protein-Coupled Receptors and the Control of Intracellular Calcium in Myometrium
Reproductive Sciences,
October 1, 2005;
12(7):
479 - 487.
[Abstract][PDF]
P. Florio, M. Torricelli, L. Galleri, G. De Falco, E. Leucci, G. Calonaci, E. Picciolini, G. Ambrosini, E. A. Linton, and F. Petraglia High Fetal Urocortin Levels at Term and Preterm Labor
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
September 1, 2005;
90(9):
5361 - 5365.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M Blumenstein, J A Keelan, J M Bowen-Shauver, and M D Mitchell Suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins in human preterm placental tissues
J. Mol. Endocrinol.,
August 1, 2005;
35(1):
165 - 175.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S.K. Banu, J.A. Arosh, P. Chapdelaine, and M.A. Fortier Expression of Prostaglandin Transporter in the Bovine Uterus and Fetal Membranes During Pregnancy
Biol Reprod,
August 1, 2005;
73(2):
230 - 236.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
H. Chisaka, J. F. Johnstone, M. Premyslova, Z. Manduch, and J. R.G. Challis Effect of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines on Expression and Activity of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 in Cultured Human Term Placental Trophoblast and Human Choriocarcinoma JEG-3 Cells
Reproductive Sciences,
July 1, 2005;
12(5):
303 - 309.
[Abstract][PDF]
M. D. Mitchell, M. C. Chang, T. Chaiworapongsa, H.-Y. Lan, R. J. A. Helliwell, R. Romero, and T. A. Sato Identification of 9{alpha},11{beta}-Prostaglandin F2 in Human Amniotic Fluid and Characterization of Its Production by Human Gestational Tissues
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
July 1, 2005;
90(7):
4244 - 4248.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
R. Perry, O. Kecha, J. Paquette, C. Huot, G. Van Vliet, and C. Deal Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Children: Twenty Years Experience at the Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
June 1, 2005;
90(6):
3243 - 3250.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. C. Havelock, P. Keller, N. Muleba, B. A. Mayhew, B. M. Casey, W. E. Rainey, and R. A. Word Human Myometrial Gene Expression Before and During Parturition
Biol Reprod,
March 1, 2005;
72(3):
707 - 719.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. E. Wood Estrogen/Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Interactions in the Fetus: the Interplay Between Placenta and Fetal Brain
Reproductive Sciences,
February 1, 2005;
12(2):
67 - 76.
[Abstract][PDF]
M. Elmes, L. R. Green, K. Poore, J. Newman, D. Burrage, D. R. E. Abayasekara, Z. Cheng, M. A. Hanson, and D. C. Wathes Raised dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake increases 2-series prostaglandin production during labour in the ewe
J. Physiol.,
January 15, 2005;
562(2):
583 - 592.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
B G White, S J Williams, K Highmore, and D J MacPhee Small heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) expression is highly induced in rat myometrium during late pregnancy and labour
Reproduction,
January 1, 2005;
129(1):
115 - 126.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. D. Tardif, T. E. Ziegler, M. Power, and D. G. Layne Endocrine Changes in Full-Term Pregnancies and Pregnancy Loss Due to Energy Restriction in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
January 1, 2005;
90(1):
335 - 339.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
V. Kumarasamy, M. D. Mitchell, F. H. Bloomfield, M. H. Oliver, M. E Campbell, J. R. G. Challis, and J. E. Harding Effects of periconceptional undernutrition on the initiation of parturition in sheep
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol,
January 1, 2005;
288(1):
R67 - R72.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
F. H. Bloomfield, M. H. Oliver, P. Hawkins, A. C. Holloway, M. Campbell, P. D. Gluckman, J. E. Harding, and J. R. G. Challis Periconceptional Undernutrition in Sheep Accelerates Maturation of the Fetal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Late Gestation
Endocrinology,
September 1, 2004;
145(9):
4278 - 4285.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. Bittrich, C. Philipona, H. M. Hammon, V. Rome, P. Guilloteau, and J. W. Blum Preterm as Compared with Full-Term Neonatal Calves Are Characterized by Morphological and Functional Immaturity of the Small Intestine
J Dairy Sci,
June 1, 2004;
87(6):
1786 - 1795.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
