Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation Mediated by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Hedgehogs, and Cbfa1
Akira Yamaguchi,
Toshihisa Komori and
Tatsuo Suda
Department of Oral Pathology (A.Y.), Nagasaki University School of
Dentistry, 17-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852, Department of Molecular
Medicine (T.K.), School of Medicine, Osaka University, 22 Yamada-oka,
Suita, Osaka 565 and "Form and Function", PRESTO, Japan Science
and
Technology Corporation, and Department of Biochemistry (T.S.), School
of Dentistry, Showa University, 15-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo
142, Japan
Osteoblasts arise from common progenitors with chondrocytes,muscle and
adipocytes, and various hormones and local factorsregulate their
differentiation. We review here regulation ofosteoblast
differentiation mediated by the local factors suchas bone
morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and hedgehogs and thetranscription
factor, core-binding factor -1 (Cbfa1). BMPs arethe most
potent regulators of osteoblast differentiation amongthe local
factors. Sonic and Indian hedgehogs are involved inosteoblast
differentiation by interacting with BMPs. Cbfa1,a member of the runt
domain gene family, plays a major rolein the processes of a
determination of osteoblast cell lineageand maturation of osteoblasts.
Cbfa1 is an essential transcriptionfactor for osteoblast
differentiation and bone formation, because
Cbfa1-deficientmice completely lacked bone formation
due to maturation arrestof osteoblasts. Although the regulatory
mechanism of Cbfa1 expressionhas not been fully clarified, BMPs are an
important local factorthat up-regulates Cbfa1
expression. Thus, the intimate interactionbetween local factors such
as BMPs and hedgehogs and the transcriptionfactor, Cbfa1, is important
to osteoblast differentiation andbone formation.
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