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Initial and Cyclic Recruitment of Ovarian Follicles¹

Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5317 USA

Mammalian ovaries consist of follicles as basic functional units. The total number of ovarian follicles is determined early in life, and the depletion of this pool leads to reproductive senescence. Each follicle develops to either ovulate or, more likely, to undergo degeneration. The dynamics of ovarian follicle development have interested endocrinologists and developmental biologists for many years. With the advent of assisted reproductive techniques in humans, the possibility of regulating follicle development in vivo and in vitro has gained clinical relevance. In this review, we focus upon key branching points during the development of ovarian follicles as well as factors involved in determining the eventual destiny of individual follicles. We discuss inconsistencies in the literature regarding the definitions of follicle recruitment and selection and propose to name the two major steps of follicle development as initial and cyclic recruitment, respectively. Because some of these disparities have arisen due to differences in the animal systems studied, we also compare the development of the ovarian follicles of both humans and rats. We also review the status of knowledge of several puzzling clinical issues that may provide important clues toward unlocking the mechanisms of follicle development.

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				C.-W. Luo, K. Kawamura, C. Klein, and A. J. W. Hsueh Paracrine Regulation of Ovarian Granulosa Cell Differentiation by Stanniocalcin (STC) 1: Mediation through Specific STC1 Receptors Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2004; 18(8): 2085 - 2096. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Miro, S. W. Parker, L. J. Aspinall, J. Coley, P. W. Perry, and J. E. Ellis Relationship between Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels at the Beginning of the Human Menstrual Cycle, Length of the Follicular Phase and Excreted Estrogens: The FREEDOM Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2004; 89(7): 3270 - 3275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Cunningham, Q. Zhu, and J. M. Hammond FoxO1a Can Alter Cell Cycle Progression by Regulating the Nuclear Localization of p27kip in Granulosa Cells Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2004; 18(7): 1756 - 1767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Salvador, M. P. Flynn, J. Avila, S. Reierstad, E. T. Maizels, H. Alam, Y. Park, J. D. Scott, D. W. Carr, and M. Hunzicker-Dunn Neuronal Microtubule-associated Protein 2D Is a Dual A-kinase Anchoring Protein Expressed in Rat Ovarian Granulosa Cells J. Biol. Chem., June 25, 2004; 279(26): 27621 - 27632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]