| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Department of Biological Sciences (R.M.S.), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Department of Biology (L.M.R.), Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155; and Department of Physiology (A.U.M.), Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
The secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) is a classic endocrine response to stress. Despite that, it remains controversial as to what purpose GCs serve at such times. One view, stretching back to the time of Hans Selye, posits that GCs help mediate the ongoing or pending stress response, either via basal levels of GCs permitting other facets of the stress response to emerge efficaciously, and/or by stress levels of GCs actively stimulating the stress response. In contrast, a revisionist viewpoint posits that GCs suppress the stress response, preventing it from being pathologically overactivated. In this review, we consider recent findings regarding GC action and, based on them, generate criteria for determining whether a particular GC action permits, stimulates, or suppresses an ongoing stress-response or, as an additional category, is preparative for a subsequent stressor. We apply these GC actions to the realms of cardiovascular function, fluid volume and hemorrhage, immunity and inflammation, metabolism, neurobiology, and reproductive physiology. We find that GC actions fall into markedly different categories, depending on the physiological endpoint in question, with evidence for mediating effects in some cases, and suppressive or preparative in others. We then attempt to assimilate these heterogeneous GC actions into a physiological whole.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S. J. Schoech Food supplementation experiments: A tool to reveal mechanisms that mediate timing of reproduction Integr. Comp. Biol., November 1, 2009; 49(5): 480 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. W. Waggoner, C. A. Loest, J. L. Turner, C. P. Mathis, and D. M. Hallford Effects of dietary protein and bacterial lipopolysaccharide infusion on nitrogen metabolism and hormonal responses of growing beef steers J Anim Sci, November 1, 2009; 87(11): 3656 - 3668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Angelier, R. L. Holberton, and P. P. Marra Does stress response predict return rate in a migratory bird species? A study of American redstarts and their non-breeding habitat Proc R Soc B, October 7, 2009; 276(1672): 3545 - 3551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Bay and Y. Xie Psychological and Biological Correlates of Fatigue After Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury West J Nurs Res, October 1, 2009; 31(6): 731 - 747. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. L. Roberts, K. L. Buchanan, M. R. Evans, R. H. Marin, and D. G. Satterlee The effects of testosterone on immune function in quail selected for divergent plasma corticosterone response J. Exp. Biol., October 1, 2009; 212(19): 3125 - 3131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Bosch, E. J. C. de Geus, D. Carroll, A. D. Goedhart, L. A. Anane, J. J. Veldhuizen van Zanten, E. J. Helmerhorst, and K. M. Edwards A General Enhancement of Autonomic and Cortisol Responses During Social Evaluative Threat Psychosom Med, October 1, 2009; 71(8): 877 - 885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Cooke, J. D. Arthington, B. R. Austin, and J. V. Yelich Effects of acclimation to handling on performance, reproductive, and physiological responses of Brahman-crossbred heifers J Anim Sci, October 1, 2009; 87(10): 3403 - 3412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. K. Holzel, J. Carmody, K. C. Evans, E. A. Hoge, J. A. Dusek, L. Morgan, R. K. Pitman, and S. W. Lazar Stress reduction correlates with structural changes in the amygdala Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, September 23, 2009; (2009) nsp034v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. E. Gomez-Sanchez Glucocorticoid Production and Regulation in Thymus: Of Mice and Birds Endocrinology, September 1, 2009; 150(9): 3977 - 3979. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Droste, A. Collins, S. L. Lightman, A. C. E. Linthorst, and J. M. H. M. Reul Distinct, Time-Dependent Effects of Voluntary Exercise on Circadian and Ultradian Rhythms and Stress Responses of Free Corticosterone in the Rat Hippocampus Endocrinology, September 1, 2009; 150(9): 4170 - 4179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Adelman and L. B. Martin Vertebrate sickness behaviors: Adaptive and integrated neuroendocrine immune responses Integr. Comp. Biol., September 1, 2009; 49(3): 202 - 214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. S. Dhabhar A hassle a day may keep the pathogens away: The fight-or-flight stress response and the augmentation of immune function Integr. Comp. Biol., September 1, 2009; 49(3): 215 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. A. Weissman, C. M. Sottas, M. Holmes, P. Zhou, C. Iadecola, D. O. Hardy, R.-S. Ge, and M. P. Hardy Normal Responses to Restraint Stress in Mice Lacking the Gene for Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase J Androl, September 1, 2009; 30(5): 614 - 620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Wolf, B. Steiner, A. Wengner, M. Lipp, T. Kammertoens, and G. Kempermann Adaptive peripheral immune response increases proliferation of neural precursor cells in the adult hippocampus FASEB J, September 1, 2009; 23(9): 3121 - 3128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Jokela, J. V. Ahonen, M. K. Tallgren, P. C. Marjakangas, and K. T. Korttila The Effective Analgesic Dose of Dexamethasone After Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Anesth. Analg., August 1, 2009; 109(2): 607 - 615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Carraro, S. Ferraresso, B. Cardazzo, C. Romualdi, C. Montesissa, F. Gottardo, T. Patarnello, M. Castagnaro, and L. Bargelloni Expression profiling of skeletal muscle in young bulls treated with steroidal growth promoters Physiol Genomics, July 9, 2009; 38(2): 138 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Adzic, J. Djordjevic, A. Djordjevic, A. Niciforovic, C. Demonacos, M. Radojcic, and M. Krstic-Demonacos Acute or chronic stress induce cell compartment-specific phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptor and alter its transcriptional activity in Wistar rat brain J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2009; 202(1): 87 - 97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I H E Kasanen, K J Inhila, O M Vainio, V V Kiviniemi, J Hau, M Scheinin, S M Mering, and T O Nevalainen The diet board: welfare impacts of a novel method of dietary restriction in laboratory rats Lab Anim, July 1, 2009; 43(3): 215 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Dickens, D. J. Delehanty, and L. M. Romero Stress and translocation: alterations in the stress physiology of translocated birds Proc R Soc B, June 7, 2009; 276(1664): 2051 - 2056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. R. Bortolotti, T. Marchant, J. Blas, and S. Cabezas Tracking stress: localisation, deposition and stability of corticosterone in feathers J. Exp. Biol., May 15, 2009; 212(10): 1477 - 1482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Muller, S. Jenni-Eiermann, and L. Jenni Effects of a short period of elevated circulating corticosterone on postnatal growth in free-living Eurasian kestrels Falco tinnunculus J. Exp. Biol., May 1, 2009; 212(9): 1405 - 1412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Wang, Z. Zhang, Y. Guo, H Zhou, G. Teng, and B. Chen Anhedonia and activity deficits in rats: impact of post-stroke depression J Psychopharmacol, May 1, 2009; 23(3): 295 - 304. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. G. Bechtold, G. Patel, G. Hochhaus, and D. A. Scheuer Chronic blockade of hindbrain glucocorticoid receptors reduces blood pressure responses to novel stress and attenuates adaptation to repeated stress Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2009; 296(5): R1445 - R1454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. R. Wagenmaker, K. M. Breen, A. E. Oakley, B. N. Pierce, A. J. Tilbrook, A. I. Turner, and F. J. Karsch Cortisol Interferes with the Estradiol-Induced Surge of Luteinizing Hormone in the Ewe Biol Reprod, March 1, 2009; 80(3): 458 - 463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Ecker, A. Lorenz, F. Wolf, C. Ploner, G. Bock, T. Duncan, S. Geley, and A. Helmberg A RAS recruitment screen identifies ZKSCAN4 as a glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein J. Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2009; 42(2): 105 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Waggoner, C. A. Loest, C. P. Mathis, D. M. Hallford, and M. K. Petersen Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation and bacterial lipopolysaccharide infusion on nitrogen metabolism and hormonal responses of growing beef steers J Anim Sci, February 1, 2009; 87(2): 681 - 692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. D'Elia, J. Patenaude, and J. Bernier Regulation of glucocorticoid sensitivity in thymocytes from burn-injured mice Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2009; 296(1): E97 - E104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Shimizu, N. Yoshikawa, T. Wada, H. Handa, M. Sano, K. Fukuda, M. Suematsu, T. Sawai, C. Morimoto, and H. Tanaka Tissue- and Context-Dependent Modulation of Hormonal Sensitivity of Glucocorticoid-Responsive Genes by Hexamethylene Bisacetamide-Inducible Protein 1 Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2008; 22(12): 2609 - 2623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. C. Karademas, A. Bakouli, A. Bastounis, F. Kallergi, P. Tamtami, and M. Theofilou Illness Perceptions, Illness-related Problems, Subjective Health and the Role of Perceived Primal Threat: Preliminary Findings J Health Psychol, November 1, 2008; 13(8): 1021 - 1029. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Gutierrez-Gil, N. Ball, D. Burton, M. Haskell, J. L. Williams, and P. Wiener Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Cattle Temperament J. Hered., November 1, 2008; 99(6): 629 - 638. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Yeager, P. A. Pioli, K. Wardwell, M. L. Beach, P. Martel, H. K. Lee, A. J. Rassias, and P. M. Guyre In Vivo Exposure to High or Low Cortisol Has Biphasic Effects on Inflammatory Response Pathways of Human Monocytes Anesth. Analg., November 1, 2008; 107(5): 1726 - 1734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. R. de Kloet and R. A. Sarabdjitsingh Everything Has Rhythm: Focus on Glucocorticoid Pulsatility Endocrinology, July 1, 2008; 149(7): 3241 - 3243. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Liu, A. Kamitakahara, A. J. Kim, and G. Aguilera Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate Responsive Element Binding Protein Phosphorylation Is Required But Not Sufficient for Activation of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Transcription Endocrinology, July 1, 2008; 149(7): 3512 - 3520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Schmidt and K. K. Soma Cortisol and corticosterone in the songbird immune and nervous systems: local vs. systemic levels during development Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): R103 - R110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. W. Cooper, T. M. Cho, P. M. Thompson, and A. D. Wallace Phthalate Induction of CYP3A4 is Dependent on Glucocorticoid Regulation of PXR Expression Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2008; 103(2): 268 - 277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Ton. G.G Groothuis and H. Schwabl Hormone-mediated maternal effects in birds: mechanisms matter but what do we know of them? Phil Trans R Soc B, May 12, 2008; 363(1497): 1647 - 1661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. M. Newman, D. S. Pradhan, and K. K. Soma Dehydroepiandrosterone and Corticosterone Are Regulated by Season and Acute Stress in a Wild Songbird: Jugular Versus Brachial Plasma Endocrinology, May 1, 2008; 149(5): 2537 - 2545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-C. Shih, N.-C. Hsu, C.-C. Huang, T.-S. Wu, P.-Y. Lai, and B.-c. Chung Mutation of Mouse Cyp11a1 Promoter Caused Tissue-Specific Reduction of Gene Expression and Blunted Stress Response without Affecting Reproduction Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2008; 22(4): 915 - 923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. D. Hanson and E. Chen Brief Report: The Temporal Relationships Between Sleep, Cortisol, and Lung Functioning in Youth with Asthma J. Pediatr. Psychol., April 1, 2008; 33(3): 312 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Varadhan, J. Walston, A. R. Cappola, M. C. Carlson, G. S. Wand, and L. P. Fried Higher Levels and Blunted Diurnal Variation of Cortisol in Frail Older Women J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., February 1, 2008; 63(2): 190 - 195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Mitsushima, K. Takase, T. Funabashi, and F. Kimura Gonadal Steroid Hormones Maintain the Stress-Induced Acetylcholine Release in the Hippocampus: Simultaneous Measurements of the Extracellular Acetylcholine and Serum Corticosterone Levels in the Same Subjects Endocrinology, February 1, 2008; 149(2): 802 - 811. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Romero, C. J. Meister, N. E. Cyr, G. J. Kenagy, and J. C. Wingfield Seasonal glucocorticoid responses to capture in wild free-living mammals Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2008; 294(2): R614 - R622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. B Martin, Z. M Weil, and R. J Nelson Seasonal changes in vertebrate immune activity: mediation by physiological trade-offs Phil Trans R Soc B, January 27, 2008; 363(1490): 321 - 339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C Wingfield Organization of vertebrate annual cycles: implications for control mechanisms Phil Trans R Soc B, January 27, 2008; 363(1490): 425 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Roberts, K. L. Buchanan, D. Hasselquist, A. T. D. Bennett, and M. R. Evans Physiological, morphological and behavioural effects of selecting zebra finches for divergent levels of corticosterone J. Exp. Biol., December 15, 2007; 210(24): 4368 - 4378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. R Walker Glucocorticoids and Cardiovascular Disease Eur. J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2007; 157(5): 545 - 559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Bonier, P. R. Martin, and J. C. Wingfield Maternal corticosteroids influence primary offspring sex ratio in a free-ranging passerine bird Behav. Ecol., November 1, 2007; 18(6): 1045 - 1050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. R Pryke, L. B Astheimer, W. A Buttemer, and S. C Griffith Frequency-dependent physiological trade-offs between competing colour morphs Biol Lett, October 22, 2007; 3(5): 494 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. E Arnold, S. L Ramsay, C. Donaldson, and A. Adam Parental prey selection affects risk-taking behaviour and spatial learning in avian offspring Proc R Soc B, October 22, 2007; 274(1625): 2563 - 2569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. H. Novack, O. Cameron, E. Epel, R. Ader, S. R. Waldstein, S. Levenstein, M. H. Antoni, and A. R. Wainer Psychosomatic Medicine: The Scientific Foundation of the Biopsychosocial Model Acad Psychiatry, October 1, 2007; 31(5): 388 - 401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Koc, D. Memis, and N. Sut The Preoperative Use of Gabapentin, Dexamethasone, and Their Combination in Varicocele Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial Anesth. Analg., October 1, 2007; 105(4): 1137 - 1142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Almeida, L. Han, M. Martin-Millan, L. I. Plotkin, S. A. Stewart, P. K. Roberson, S. Kousteni, C. A. O'Brien, T. Bellido, A. M. Parfitt, et al. Skeletal Involution by Age-associated Oxidative Stress and Its Acceleration by Loss of Sex Steroids J. Biol. Chem., September 14, 2007; 282(37): 27285 - 27297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. J. Christiansen, C. B. Djurhuus, C. H. Gravholt, P. Iversen, J. S. Christiansen, O. Schmitz, J. Weeke, J. O. L. Jorgensen, and N. Moller Effects of Cortisol on Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism: Studies of Acute Cortisol Withdrawal in Adrenocortical Failure J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2007; 92(9): 3553 - 3559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. del Mar Grasa, M. Serrano, J. A. Fernandez-Lopez, and M. Alemany Corticosterone Inhibits the Lipid-Mobilizing Effects of Oleoyl-Estrone in Adrenalectomized Rats Endocrinology, August 1, 2007; 148(8): 4056 - 4063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. S. McEwen Physiology and Neurobiology of Stress and Adaptation: Central Role of the Brain Physiol Rev, July 1, 2007; 87(3): 873 - 904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Tran, A. Koch, R. Berkels, O. Boehm, P. A. Zacharowski, G. Baumgarten, P. Knuefermann, M. Schott, W. Kanczkowski, S. R. Bornstein, et al. Toll-Like Receptor 9 Expression in Murine and Human Adrenal Glands and Possible Implications during Inflammation J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2007; 92(7): 2773 - 2783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Miller and E. Chen Unfavorable Socioeconomic Conditions in Early Life Presage Expression of Proinflammatory Phenotype in Adolescence Psychosom Med, June 1, 2007; 69(5): 402 - 409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Blas, G. R. Bortolotti, J. L. Tella, R. Baos, and T. A. Marchant Stress response during development predicts fitness in a wild, long lived vertebrate PNAS, May 22, 2007; 104(21): 8880 - 8884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R Rubenstein Stress hormones and sociality: integrating social and environmental stressors Proc R Soc B, April 7, 2007; 274(1612): 967 - 975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Mueller, A. Atanasov, I. Cima, N. Corazza, K. Schoonjans, and T. Brunner Differential Regulation of Glucocorticoid Synthesis in Murine Intestinal Epithelial Versus Adrenocortical Cell Lines Endocrinology, March 1, 2007; 148(3): 1445 - 1453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Rodl, S. Berger, L Michael Romero, and M. Wikelski Tameness and stress physiology in a predator-naive island species confronted with novel predation threat Proc R Soc B, February 22, 2007; 274(1609): 577 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Yong, Z. Yang, S. Periyasamy, H. Chen, S. Yucel, W. Li, L. Y. Lin, I. M. Wolf, M. J. Cohn, L. S. Baskin, et al. Essential Role for Co-chaperone Fkbp52 but Not Fkbp51 in Androgen Receptor-mediated Signaling and Physiology J. Biol. Chem., February 16, 2007; 282(7): 5026 - 5036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Y. Zhang and R. A. Daynes Glucocorticoid Conditioning of Myeloid Progenitors Enhances TLR4 Signaling via Negative Regulation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Akt Pathway J. Immunol., February 15, 2007; 178(4): 2517 - 2526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Smart, V. Tolle, V. Otero-Corchon, and M. J. Low Central Dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Neuron-Specific Proopiomelanocortin-Deficient Mice Endocrinology, February 1, 2007; 148(2): 647 - 659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Presul, S. Schmidt, R. Kofler, and A. Helmberg Identification, tissue expression, and glucocorticoid responsiveness of alternative first exons of the human glucocorticoid receptor J. Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2007; 38(1): 79 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Bonier, P. R. Martin, K. S. Sheldon, J. P. Jensen, S. L. Foltz, and J. C. Wingfield Sex-specific consequences of life in the city Behav. Ecol., January 1, 2007; 18(1): 121 - 129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. V. Patchev, D. Fischer, S. S. Wolf, M. Herkenham, F. Gotz, M. Gehin, P. Chambon, V. K. Patchev, and O. F. X. Almeida Insidious adrenocortical insufficiency underlies neuroendocrine dysregulation in TIF-2 deficient mice FASEB J, January 1, 2007; 21(1): 231 - 238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. A. Scheuer, A. G. Bechtold, and K. A. Vernon Chronic Activation of Dorsal Hindbrain Corticosteroid Receptors Augments the Arterial Pressure Response to Acute Stress Hypertension, January 1, 2007; 49(1): 127 - 133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Santangelo and A. H Bass New insights into neuropeptide modulation of aggression: field studies of arginine vasotocin in a territorial tropical damselfish Proc R Soc B, December 22, 2006; 273(1605): 3085 - 3092. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. B. Martin II, Z. M. Weil, and R. J. Nelson Refining approaches and diversifying directions in ecoimmunology Integr. Comp. Biol., December 1, 2006; 46(6): 1030 - 1039. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. R. Tracy, K. E. Nussear, T. C. Esque, K. Dean-Bradley, C. R. Tracy, L. A. DeFalco, K. T. Castle, L. C. Zimmerman, R. E. Espinoza, and A. M. Barber The importance of physiological ecology in conservation biology Integr. Comp. Biol., December 1, 2006; 46(6): 1191 - 1205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Remage-Healey, D. P. Nowacek, and A. H. Bass Dolphin foraging sounds suppress calling and elevate stress hormone levels in a prey species, the Gulf toadfish J. Exp. Biol., November 15, 2006; 209(22): 4444 - 4451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Nicholas, C. D. Munhoz, D. Ferguson, L. Campbell, and R. Sapolsky Enhancing Cognition after Stress with Gene Therapy. J. Neurosci., November 8, 2006; 26(45): 11637 - 11643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. K. Adam, L. C. Hawkley, B. M. Kudielka, and J. T. Cacioppo Day-to-day dynamics of experience-cortisol associations in a population-based sample of older adults PNAS, November 7, 2006; 103(45): 17058 - 17063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J Heidinger, I. C.T Nisbet, and E. D Ketterson Older parents are less responsive to a stressor in a long-lived seabird: a mechanism for increased reproductive performance with age? Proc R Soc B, September 7, 2006; 273(1598): 2227 - 2231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D S Gardner, B W M Van Bon, J Dandrea, P J Goddard, S F May, V Wilson, T Stephenson, and M E Symonds Effect of periconceptional undernutrition and gender on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in young adult sheep. J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2006; 190(2): 203 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Roggero, A. R Perez, M. Tamae-Kakazu, I. Piazzon, I. Nepomnaschy, H. O Besedovsky, O. A Bottasso, and A. del Rey Endogenous glucocorticoids cause thymus atrophy but are protective during acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2006; 190(2): 495 - 503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. H Stolte, B M L. V. van Kemenade, H. F J Savelkoul, and G. Flik Evolution of glucocorticoid receptors with different glucocorticoid sensitivity. J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2006; 190(1): 17 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Arlt, F. Hammer, P. Sanning, S. K. Butcher, J. M. Lord, B. Allolio, D. Annane, and P. M. Stewart Dissociation of Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate in Septic Shock J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2006; 91(7): 2548 - 2554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Malcher-Lopes, S. Di, V. S. Marcheselli, F.-J. Weng, C. T. Stuart, N. G. Bazan, and J. G. Tasker Opposing crosstalk between leptin and glucocorticoids rapidly modulates synaptic excitation via endocannabinoid release. J. Neurosci., June 14, 2006; 26(24): 6643 - 6650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. T. King, P. V. Lovell, M. Rishniw, M. I. Kotlikoff, M. L. Zeeman, and D. P. McCobb beta2 and beta4 Subunits of BK Channels Confer Differential Sensitivity to Acute Modulation by Steroid Hormones J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2006; 95(5): 2878 - 2888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. E. Coutinho, J. E. Campbell, S. Fediuc, and M. C. Riddell Effect of voluntary exercise on peripheral tissue glucocorticoid receptor content and the expression and activity of 11beta-HSD1 in the Syrian hamster J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2006; 100(5): 1483 - 1488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Carroll, E. L. Berg, T. A. Strauch, M. P. Roberts, and H. G. Kattesh Hormonal profiles, behavioral responses, and short-term growth performance after castration of pigs at three, six, nine, or twelve days of age J Anim Sci, May 1, 2006; 84(5): 1271 - 1278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Nierop, A. Bratsikas, A. Klinkenberg, U. M. Nater, R. Zimmermann, and U. Ehlert Prolonged Salivary Cortisol Recovery in Second-Trimester Pregnant Women and Attenuated Salivary {alpha}-Amylase Responses to Psychosocial Stress in Human Pregnancy J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2006; 91(4): 1329 - 1335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Aluru and M. M. Vijayan Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Impairs Cortisol Response to Stress in Rainbow Trout by Disrupting the Rate-Limiting Steps in Steroidogenesis Endocrinology, April 1, 2006; 147(4): 1895 - 1903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Kapoor, E. Dunn, A. Kostaki, M. H. Andrews, and S. G. Matthews Fetal programming of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function: prenatal stress and glucocorticoids J. Physiol., April 1, 2006; 572(1): 31 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A Carlson, M. B Manser, A. J Young, A. F Russell, N. R Jordan, A. S McNeilly, and T. Clutton-Brock Cortisol levels are positively associated with pup-feeding rates in male meerkats Proc R Soc B, March 7, 2006; 273(1586): 571 - 577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Campos-Rodriguez, A. Quintanar-Stephano, R. A. Jarillo-Luna, G. Oliver-Aguillon, J. Ventura-Juarez, V. Rivera-Aguilar, I. Berczi, and K. Kovacs Hypophysectomy and Neurointermediate Pituitary Lobectomy Reduce Serum Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG and Intestinal IgA Responses to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Rats Infect. Immun., March 1, 2006; 74(3): 1883 - 1889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S Kitaysky, E. V Kitaiskaia, J. F Piatt, and J. C Wingfield A mechanistic link between chick diet and decline in seabirds? Proc R Soc B, February 22, 2006; 273(1585): 445 - 450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M Oltmanns, B. Dodt, B. Schultes, H. H Raspe, U. Schweiger, J. Born, H. L Fehm, and A. Peters Cortisol correlates with metabolic disturbances in a population study of type 2 diabetic patients Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2006; 154(2): 325 - 331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
