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Endocrine Reviews 20 (3): 358-417
Copyright © 1999 by The Endocrine Society

Estrogen Receptor Null Mice: What Have We Learned and Where Will They Lead Us?

John F. Couse and Kenneth S. Korach

Receptor Biology Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

I. Introduction—A Historical Perspective
II. Estrogen Receptors (ER)
A. Gene and mRNA structure
B. Mechanism of ER action
C. Generation of the estrogen receptor null mice
III. Reproductive Tract Phenotypes of the Female
A. Uterus
B. Vagina
C. Oviduct
D. Ovary
IV. Mammary Gland
A. {alpha}ERKO phenotype
B. ßERKO phenotype
C. ER{alpha} and oncogene-induced tumorigenesis: Wnt-1/{alpha}ERKO mice
V. Reproductive Tract Phenotypes of the Male
A. Testicular function and spermatogenesis
B. Accessory sex organs
VI. Neuroendocrine System
A. Hypothalamic-pituitary axis
B. Behavior
VII. Phenotypes in Peripheral Tissues
A. Skeletal system
B. Cardiovascular system
C. Adipogenesis
VIII. Comparison with Human Disease and Models of Deficient Estrogen Action
A. Ovarian carcinogenesis
B. Chronic anovulation
C. ER{alpha} and aromatase deficiency
IX. Summary




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