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Endocrine Reviews 20 (3): 321-344
Copyright © 1999 by The Endocrine Society

Nuclear Receptor Coregulators: Cellular and Molecular Biology1

Neil J. McKenna, Rainer B. Lanz and Bert W. O’Malley

Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030

I. Introduction
A. The nuclear receptor superfamily
B. General transcription factors (GTFs)
II. Nuclear Receptor Coactivators
A. Background
B. Receptor-associated proteins and coactivators
III. Nuclear Receptor Corepressors
A. Background
B. Corepressors
IV. Nuclear Receptors and Chromatin
A. Background
B. The MMTV and TRßA promoters
C. Coactivators and acetylation
D. Chromatin-remodeling proteins
E. Corepressors and deacetylation
V. Concluding Remarks




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S. C. Dhananjayan, S. Ramamoorthy, O. Y. Khan, A. Ismail, J. Sun, J. Slingerland, B. W. O'Malley, and Z. Nawaz
WW Domain Binding Protein-2, an E6-Associated Protein Interacting Protein, Acts as a Coactivator of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2006; 20(10): 2343 - 2354.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Cell Sci.Home page
Z. D. Sharp, M. G. Mancini, C. A. Hinojos, F. Dai, V. Berno, A. T. Szafran, K. P. Smith, T. T. Lele, D. E. Ingber, and M. A. Mancini
Estrogen-receptor-{alpha} exchange and chromatin dynamics are ligand- and domain-dependent
J. Cell Sci., October 1, 2006; 119(19): 4101 - 4116.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. E. O'Brien, T. J. Peterson, M. H. Tong, E.-J. Lee, L. E. Pfaff, S. C. Hewitt, K. S. Korach, J. Weiss, and J. L. Jameson
Estrogen-induced Proliferation of Uterine Epithelial Cells Is Independent of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Binding to Classical Estrogen Response Elements
J. Biol. Chem., September 8, 2006; 281(36): 26683 - 26692.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J EndocrinolHome page
A. Takeshita, K. Inagaki, J. Igarashi-Migitaka, Y. Ozawa, and N. Koibuchi
The endocrine disrupting chemical, diethylhexyl phthalate, activates MDR1 gene expression in human colon cancer LS174T cells.
J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2006; 190(3): 897 - 902.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
J. A. Fretz, L. A. Zella, S. Kim, N. K. Shevde, and J. W. Pike
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Regulates the Expression of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5 via Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sequence Elements Located Downstream of the Start Site of Transcription
Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 2006; 20(9): 2215 - 2230.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
Y. Cui, A. Niu, R. Pestell, R. Kumar, E. M. Curran, Y. Liu, and S. A. W. Fuqua
Metastasis-Associated Protein 2 Is a Repressor of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Whose Overexpression Leads to Estrogen-Independent Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cells
Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 2006; 20(9): 2020 - 2035.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. Y. Kim, E. M. Woo, Y. T. E. Chong, D. R. Homenko, and W. L. Kraus
Acetylation of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} by p300 at Lysines 266 and 268 Enhances the Deoxyribonucleic Acid Binding and Transactivation Activities of the Receptor
Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2006; 20(7): 1479 - 1493.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
L. A. Zella, S. Kim, N. K. Shevde, and J. W. Pike
Enhancers Located within Two Introns of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene Mediate Transcriptional Autoregulation by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2006; 20(6): 1231 - 1247.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
P. Mendez and L. M. Garcia-Segura
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Regulate Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Transcription in Neuronal Cells
Endocrinology, June 1, 2006; 147(6): 3027 - 3039.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Genes Dev.Home page
M. G. Rosenfeld, V. V. Lunyak, and C. K. Glass
Sensors and signals: a coactivator/corepressor/epigenetic code for integrating signal-dependent programs of transcriptional response
Genes & Dev., June 1, 2006; 20(11): 1405 - 1428.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 HypertensionHome page
M. R. Meyer, E. Haas, and M. Barton
Gender Differences of Cardiovascular Disease: New Perspectives for Estrogen Receptor Signaling
Hypertension, June 1, 2006; 47(6): 1019 - 1026.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
D. F. Gordon, E. A. Tucker, K. Tundwal, H. Hall, W. M. Wood, and E. C. Ridgway
MED220/Thyroid Receptor-Associated Protein 220 Functions as a Transcriptional Coactivator with Pit-1 and GATA-2 on the Thyrotropin-{beta} Promoter in Thyrotropes
Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 2006; 20(5): 1073 - 1089.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
A. E. Gururaj, R. R. Singh, S. K. Rayala, C. Holm, P. den Hollander, H. Zhang, S. Balasenthil, A. H. Talukder, G. Landberg, and R. Kumar
MTA1, a transcriptional activator of breast cancer amplified sequence 3
PNAS, April 25, 2006; 103(17): 6670 - 6675.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
K. N. Islam and C. R. Mendelson
Permissive Effects of Oxygen on Cyclic AMP and Interleukin-1 Stimulation of Surfactant Protein A Gene Expression Are Mediated by Epigenetic Mechanisms
Mol. Cell. Biol., April 15, 2006; 26(8): 2901 - 2912.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
M.-B. Poirier, L. Laflamme, and M.-F. Langlois
Identification and characterization of RanBPM, a novel coactivator of thyroid hormone receptors.
J. Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2006; 36(2): 313 - 325.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NeuroscientistHome page
M. Nishi and M. Kawata
Brain Corticosteroid Receptor Dynamics and Trafficking: Implications from Live Cell Imaging
Neuroscientist, April 1, 2006; 12(2): 119 - 133.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
J. Li, J. Fu, C. Toumazou, H.-G. Yoon, and J. Wong
A Role of the Amino-Terminal (N) and Carboxyl-Terminal (C) Interaction in Binding of Androgen Receptor to Chromatin
Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2006; 20(4): 776 - 785.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Charmandari, T. Kino, T. Ichijo, K. Zachman, A. Alatsatianos, and G. P. Chrousos
Functional Characterization of the Natural Human Glucocorticoid Receptor (hGR) Mutants hGR{alpha}R477H and hGR{alpha}G679S Associated with Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2006; 91(4): 1535 - 1543.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
M. C. Velarde, M. Iruthayanathan, R. R. Eason, D. Zhang, F. A. Simmen, and R. C. M. Simmen
Progesterone Receptor Transactivation of the Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Gene in Ishikawa Endometrial Epithelial Cells Involves Recruitment of Kruppel-Like Factor 9/Basic Transcription Element Binding Protein-1
Endocrinology, April 1, 2006; 147(4): 1969 - 1978.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
F. A. Simmen and R. C. M. Simmen
Orchestrating the Menstrual Cycle: Discerning the Music from the Noise.
Endocrinology, March 1, 2006; 147(3): 1094 - 1096.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. M. Tabb and B. Blumberg
New Modes of Action for Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2006; 20(3): 475 - 482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
O. Y. Khan, G. Fu, A. Ismail, S. Srinivasan, X. Cao, Y. Tu, S. Lu, and Z. Nawaz
Multifunction Steroid Receptor Coactivator, E6-Associated Protein, Is Involved in Development of the Prostate Gland
Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2006; 20(3): 544 - 559.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. Tsukahara, R. Tsukahara, S. Yasuda, N. Makarova, W. J. Valentine, P. Allison, H. Yuan, D. L. Baker, Z. Li, R. Bittman, et al.
Different Residues Mediate Recognition of 1-O-Oleyllysophosphatidic Acid and Rosiglitazone in the Ligand Binding Domain of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor {gamma}
J. Biol. Chem., February 10, 2006; 281(6): 3398 - 3407.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Nucleic Acids ResHome page
J. H. Kim, C. K. Yang, and M. R. Stallcup
Downstream signaling mechanism of the C-terminal activation domain of transcriptional coactivator CoCoA.
Nucleic Acids Res., January 1, 2006; 34(9): 2736 - 2750.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. D Heitzer and D. B. DeFranco
Mechanism of Action of Hic-5/Androgen Receptor Activator 55, a LIM Domain-Containing Nuclear Receptor Coactivator
Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2006; 20(1): 56 - 64.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
S. Yasuo, N. Nakao, S. Ohkura, M. Iigo, S. Hagiwara, A. Goto, H. Ando, T. Yamamura, M. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, et al.
Long-Day Suppressed Expression of Type 2 Deiodinase Gene in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Saanen Goat, a Short-Day Breeder: Implication for Seasonal Window of Thyroid Hormone Action on Reproductive Neuroendocrine Axis
Endocrinology, January 1, 2006; 147(1): 432 - 440.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
W. M. Bryant, M. A. Gibson, and M. A. Shupnik
Stimulation of the Novel Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Intronic TERP-1 Promoter by Estrogens, Androgen, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Peptide, and Forskolin, and Autoregulation by TERP-1 Protein
Endocrinology, January 1, 2006; 147(1): 543 - 551.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Nucleic Acids ResHome page
R. B. Lanz, Z. Jericevic, W. J. Zuercher, C. Watkins, D. L. Steffen, R. Margolis, and N. J. McKenna
Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (www.nursa.org): hyperlinking the nuclear receptor signaling community
Nucleic Acids Res., January 1, 2006; 34(suppl_1): D221 - D226.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. Ichijo, A. Voutetakis, A. P. Cotrim, N. Bhattachryya, M. Fujii, G. P. Chrousos, and T. Kino
The Smad6-Histone Deacetylase 3 Complex Silences the Transcriptional Activity of the Glucocorticoid Receptor: POTENTIAL CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
J. Biol. Chem., December 23, 2005; 280(51): 42067 - 42077.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
N. Normanno, M. Di Maio, E. De Maio, A. De Luca, A. de Matteis, A. Giordano, F. Perrone, and on behalf of the NCI-Naples Breast Cancer Group
Mechanisms of endocrine resistance and novel therapeutic strategies in breast cancer
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2005; 12(4): 721 - 747.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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