The Connective Tissue Growth Factor/Cysteine- Rich 61/Nephroblastoma Overexpressed (CCN) Family1
David R. Brigstock
Departments of Surgery and Medical Biochemistry, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and Department of Surgery,
Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205
I. Introduction
II. The Modular Structure of the ConnectiveTissue Growth
Factor/Cysteine-Rich61/Nephroblastoma Overexpressed(CCN)
Family Members
III. Connective Tissue Growth Factor(CTGF)
A. Discovery
B. Structure of the CTGF gene and protein
C. CTGF mRNA production
D. CTGF production, secretion, andprocessing
E. CTGF-heparin interactions
F. Biological propertiesof CTGF
G. Mechanism of action of CTGF
IV. Cyr61
A. Discoveryof cyr61
B. Structure of the cyr61 gene and protein
C. Cyr61mRNA production
D. Cyr61 production and secretion
E. Biologicalproperties of cyr61
F. Mechanism of action of cyr61
V. Nov
A. Discovery and structure of nov
B. Nov mRNA production
C. Biological properties of nov
VI. Elm1/WISP-1
VII. Heparin-InducedCCN-Like Protein (HICP)/rCop-1/CTGF-3/WISP-2
VIII. WISP-3
IX. Other CCN-Like Molecules
X. Regulation of Cellular Functionsby the CCN Family
A. Cell cycle control
B. Cell adhesionand migration
C. Extracellular matrix (ECM) production
XI.Biological Processes Involving the CCN Family
A. Developmentand differentiation
B. Female reproductive tract function
C. Angiogenesis
D. Wound repair
E. Fibrotic disorders
F. Inflammation
G. Tumor growth
XII. Perspectives andFuture Directions
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July 11, 2003;
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. M. Schober, L. F. Lau, T. P. Ugarova, and S. C.-T. Lam Identification of a Novel Integrin {alpha}M{beta}2 Binding Site in CCN1 (CYR61), a Matricellular Protein Expressed in Healing Wounds and Atherosclerotic Lesions
J. Biol. Chem.,
July 3, 2003;
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. WERNER and R. GROSE Regulation of Wound Healing by Growth Factors and Cytokines
Physiol Rev,
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
P. Finckenberg, K. Inkinen, J. Ahonen, S. Merasto, M. Louhelainen, H. Vapaatalo, D. Muller, D. Ganten, F. Luft, and E. Mervaala Angiotensin II Induces Connective Tissue Growth Factor Gene Expression via Calcineurin-Dependent Pathways
Am. J. Pathol.,
July 1, 2003;
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. G. Lin, S.-J. Leu, N. Chen, C. M. Tebeau, S.-X. Lin, C.-Y. Yeung, and L. F. Lau CCN3 (NOV) Is a Novel Angiogenic Regulator of the CCN Protein Family
J. Biol. Chem.,
June 20, 2003;
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
K. Sawai, K. Mori, M. Mukoyama, A. Sugawara, T. Suganami, M. Koshikawa, K. Yahata, H. Makino, T. Nagae, Y. Fujinaga, et al. Angiogenic Protein Cyr61 is Expressed by Podocytes in Anti-Thy-1 Glomerulonephritis
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
K. H. Kim, Y. K. Min, J.-H. Baik, L. F. Lau, B. Chaqour, and K. C. Chung Expression of Angiogenic Factor Cyr61 during Neuronal Cell Death via the Activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase and Serum Response Factor
J. Biol. Chem.,
April 11, 2003;
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A. Leask, A. Holmes, C. M. Black, and D. J. Abraham Connective Tissue Growth Factor Gene Regulation. REQUIREMENTS FOR ITS INDUCTION BY TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-beta 2 IN FIBROBLASTS
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
B Perbal, D R Brigstock, and L F Lau Report on the second international workshop on the CCN family of genes
Mol. Pathol.,
April 1, 2003;
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D R Brigstock, R Goldschmeding, K-i Katsube, S C-T Lam, L F Lau, K Lyons, C Naus, B Perbal, B Riser, M Takigawa, et al. Proposal for a unified CCN nomenclature
Mol. Pathol.,
April 1, 2003;
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
H. Thibout, C. Martinerie, C. Creminon, F. Godeau, P. Boudou, Y. Le Bouc, and M. Laurent Characterization of Human NOV in Biological Fluids: An Enzyme Immunoassay for the Quantification of Human NOV in Sera from Patients with Diseases of the Adrenal Gland and of the Nervous System
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A. C. Lake, A. Bialik, K. Walsh, and J. J. Castellot Jr CCN5 Is a Growth Arrest-Specific Gene That Regulates Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Motility
Am. J. Pathol.,
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
F.-E Mo, A. G. Muntean, C.-C. Chen, D. B. Stolz, S. C. Watkins, and L. F. Lau CYR61 (CCN1) Is Essential for Placental Development and Vascular Integrity
Mol. Cell. Biol.,
December 15, 2002;
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
Y.-P. Cheon, Q. Li, X. Xu, F. J. DeMayo, I. C. Bagchi, and M. K. Bagchi A Genomic Approach to Identify Novel Progesterone Receptor Regulated Pathways in the Uterus during Implantation
Mol. Endocrinol.,
December 1, 2002;
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S.-J. Leu, S. C.-T. Lam, and L. F. Lau Pro-angiogenic Activities of CYR61 (CCN1) Mediated through Integrins alpha vbeta 3 and alpha 6beta 1 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
J. Biol. Chem.,
November 22, 2002;
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. K. G. Crean, D. Finlay, M. Murphy, C. Moss, C. Godson, F. Martin, and H. R. Brady The Role of p42/44 MAPK and Protein Kinase B in Connective Tissue Growth Factor Induced Extracellular Matrix Protein Production, Cell Migration, and Actin Cytoskeletal Rearrangement in Human Mesangial Cells
J. Biol. Chem.,
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. Lafont, M. Laurent, H. Thibout, F. Lallemand, Y. Le Bouc, A. Atfi, and C. Martinerie The Expression of novH in Adrenocortical Cells Is Down-regulated by TGFbeta 1 through c-Jun in a Smad-independent Manner
J. Biol. Chem.,
October 18, 2002;
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B. Chaqour, C. Whitbeck, J.-S. Han, E. Macarak, P. Horan, P. Chichester, and R. Levin Cyr61 and CTGF are molecular markers of bladder wall remodeling after outlet obstruction
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
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C. R. Harlow, L. Davidson, K. H. Burns, C. Yan, M. M. Matzuk, and S. G. Hillier FSH and TGF-{beta} Superfamily Members Regulate Granulosa Cell Connective Tissue Growth Factor Gene Expression in Vitro and in Vivo
Endocrinology,
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3316 - 3325.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
K. J. Way, K. Isshiki, K. Suzuma, T. Yokota, D. Zvagelsky, F. J. Schoen, G. E. Sandusky, P. A. Pechous, C. J. Vlahos, H. Wakasaki, et al. Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Increased in Injured Myocardium Associated With Protein Kinase C {beta}2 Activation and Diabetes
Diabetes,
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
K. Sakamoto, S. Yamaguchi, R. Ando, A. Miyawaki, Y. Kabasawa, M. Takagi, C. L. Li, B. Perbal, and K.-i. Katsube The Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Gene (NOV/ccn3) Protein Associates with Notch1 Extracellular Domain and Inhibits Myoblast Differentiation via Notch Signaling Pathway
J. Biol. Chem.,
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C L Li, V Martinez, B He, A Lombet, and B Perbal A role for CCN3 (NOV) in calcium signalling
Mol. Pathol.,
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E E-D A Moussad, M A E Rageh, A K Wilson, R D Geisert, and D R Brigstock Temporal and spatial expression of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2; CTGF) and transforming growth factor {beta} type 1 (TGF-{beta}1) at the utero-placental interface during early pregnancy in the pig
Mol. Pathol.,
June 1, 2002;
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186 - 192.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. M. Schober, N. Chen, T. M. Grzeszkiewicz, I. Jovanovic, E. E. Emeson, T. P. Ugarova, R. D. Ye, L. F. Lau, and S. C.-T. Lam Identification of integrin alpha Mbeta 2 as an adhesion receptor on peripheral blood monocytes for Cyr61 (CCN1) and connective tissue growth factor (CCN2): immediate-early gene products expressed in atherosclerotic lesions
Blood,
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. Kondo, S. Kubota, T. Shimo, T. Nishida, G. Yosimichi, T. Eguchi, T. Sugahara, and M. Takigawa Connective tissue growth factor increased by hypoxia may initiate angiogenesis in collaboration with matrix metalloproteinases
Carcinogenesis,
May 1, 2002;
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
T. M. Grzeszkiewicz, V. Lindner, N. Chen, S. C.-T. Lam, and L. F. Lau The Angiogenic Factor Cysteine-Rich 61 (CYR61, CCN1) Supports Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Adhesion and Stimulates Chemotaxis through Integrin {alpha}6{beta}1 and Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans
Endocrinology,
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. C. Manara, B. Perbal, S. Benini, R. Strammiello, V. Cerisano, S. Perdichizzi, M. Serra, A. Astolfi, F. Bertoni, J. Alami, et al. The Expression of ccn3(nov) Gene in Musculoskeletal Tumors
Am. J. Pathol.,
March 1, 2002;
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J. Liu, V.-M. Kosma, T. Vanttinen, C. Hyden-Granskog, and R. Voutilainen Gonadotrophins inhibit the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein-2 mRNA in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells
Mol. Hum. Reprod.,
February 1, 2002;
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
F. Su, M. Overholtzer, D. Besser, and A. J. Levine WISP-1 attenuates p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage through activation of the Akt kinase
Genes & Dev.,
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C.-C. Chen, F.-E Mo, and L. F. Lau The Angiogenic Factor Cyr61 Activates a Genetic Program for Wound Healing in Human Skin Fibroblasts
J. Biol. Chem.,
December 7, 2001;
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47329 - 47337.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
