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The Molecular Pathogenesis of Corticotroph Tumors

Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom

I. Introduction

A. Origin of tumors: hypothalamus vs. pituitary

B. Clonality of pituitary tumors

II. Protooncogenes

III. Tumor Suppressor Genes

A. p53

B. p16/CDKN2/MTS1/INK4 and Rb1

C. p27/KIP1/CDKN4

D. MEN1

E. hZAC

F. NM23

G. Other tumor suppressor genes

IV. Specific Genes

A. Regulatory receptor genes

B. Cytokines and growth factors

C. Developmental genes

V. Miscellaneous

A. Other genes

B. Methylation

VI. Perspectives: Old and New Tools for Understanding Pituitary Pathogenesis

A. Transgenic/knockout animal models

VII. Conclusions

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