Protein Hormone Storage in Secretory Granules: Mechanisms for Concentration and Sorting1
Priscilla S. Dannies
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, Connecticut 06510
I. Introduction: Concentrating Protein Hormones in SecretoryGranules
II. A Well Characterized Sorting Mechanism: LysosomalHydrolases
A. Sorting is linked to transport
B. Specifictransport is associated with specific vesicles
III. Sortingof Soluble Transported Proteins in the EndoplasmicReticulum
A. Sorting in yeast
B. Sorting in mammalian cells
C. Implicationsfor sorting into granules
IV. Two Models for the Functioningof the Golgi Complex
A. Vesicular transport of proteins vs.maturation of stacks
B. Implications for sorting into granules
V. Models for Formation of Secretory Granules
A. Activebudding off of secretory granules vs. active budding
offofeverything else
B. Implications for sorting into granules
VI. Hormone Aggregates in Cells
A. Evidence for their existence
B. Properties of hormone aggregates in cells
VII. HormoneAggregates in Solution
VIII. Does Aggregation Cause Sortingin Cells?
A. Ways to measure sorting
B. Does sorting incells correlate with aggregation in solution?
IX. What KeepsSecretory Proteins from Aggregating?
X. Sorting in the trans-GolgiNetwork
A. Transmembrane proteins
B. Soluble proteins
XI.Sorting Signals and Sorting Signal Receptors for SecretoryGranules
XII. All Secretory Granule Proteins Are Not Treated Equally
XIII. Summary.
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