The Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Cushings Syndrome and Pseudo-Cushings States
John Newell-Price1,
Peter Trainer,
Michael Besser and
Ashley Grossman
Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomews Hospital, West
Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom
I. Introduction
II. Definitions and Etiology
III. DiagnosticOverview
IV. Clinical Features
V. Biochemical Diagnosisof Cushings Syndrome
A. Cardinal features
B. Urinaryfree cortisol (UFC)
C. Low-dose dexamethasone testing
D.Circadian rhythm assessment
E. Cyclical Cushings syndrome
VI. ACTH-Dependent vs. ACTH-Independent Cushings Syndrome
VII. Differential Diagnosis of ACTH-Dependent CushingsSyndrome
A. Overview
B. Basal testing
C. Dynamic noninvasivetesting
D. Invasive testing
VIII. Other Causes of CushingsSyndrome
IX. Imaging
A. Pituitary
B. Adrenal
C. Ectopicsecretion
X. Differentiation from Pseudo-Cushings States
XI. Conclusions
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
N. Hiroi, G. P. Chrousos, B. Kohn, A. Lafferty, M. Abu-Asab, S. Bonat, A. White, and S. R. Bornstein Adrenocortical-Pituitary Hybrid Tumor Causing Cushing's Syndrome
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. Korbonits, I. Bujalska, M. Shimojo, J. Nobes, S. Jordan, A. B. Grossman, and P. M. Stewart Expression of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in the Human Pituitary: Induction of the Type 2 Enzyme in Corticotropinomas and Other Pituitary Tumors
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A. Lacroix, N. N'Diaye, J. Tremblay, and P. Hamet Ectopic and Abnormal Hormone Receptors in Adrenal Cushing's Syndrome
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[Abstract][Full Text]
J. Newell-Price, P. King, and A. J. L. Clark The CpG Island Promoter of the Human Proopiomelanocortin Gene Is Methylated in Nonexpressing Normal Tissue and Tumors and Represses Expression
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[Abstract][Full Text]
A. White, D. W. Ray, A. Talbot, P. Abraham, A. J. Thody, and J. S. Bevan Cushing's Syndrome Due to Phaeochromocytoma Secreting the Precursors of Adrenocorticotropin
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[Abstract][Full Text]
M. Moro, P. Putignano, M. Losa, C. Invitti, C. Maraschini, and F. Cavagnini The Desmopressin Test in the Differential Diagnosis between Cushing's Disease and Pseudo-Cushing States
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[Abstract][Full Text]
M.-C. Lebrethon, A. B. Grossman, F. Afshar, P. N. Plowman, G. M. Besser, and M. O. Savage Linear Growth and Final Height after Treatment for Cushing's Disease in Childhood
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[Abstract][Full Text]
P. Putignano, G. A. Kaltsas, M. Korbonits, P. J. Jenkins, J. P. Monson, G. M. Besser, and A. B. Grossman Alterations in Serum Protein Levels in Patients with Cushing's Syndrome before and after Successful Treatment
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September 1, 2000;
85(9):
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[Abstract][Full Text]
G. A. Kaltsas, J. D. C. Newell-Price, P. J. Trainer, G. M. Besser, and A. B. Grossman Complications of Inferior Petrosel Sinus Sampling
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[Full Text]
P. U. Freda and S. L. Wardlaw Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Tumors
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[Full Text]
V. Lefournier, B. Gatta, M. Martinie, A. Vasdev, A. Tabarin, P. Bessou, J. Berge, I. Bachelot, and O. Chabre One Transient Neurological Complication (Sixth Nerve Palsy) in 166 Consecutive Inferior Petrosal Sinus Samplings for the Etiological Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome
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September 1, 1999;
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[Full Text]
W. W. de Herder and S. W.J. Lamberts Tumor Localization--The Ectopic ACTH Syndrome
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April 1, 1999;
84(4):
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[Full Text]