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Protein Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation, and the Regulation of Insulin Secretion from Pancreatic ß-Cells.

Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology Group, Biomedical Sciences Division, King’s College London, Campden Hill Road, Kensington, London, W8 7AH, United Kingdom

I. Introduction

II. Protein Kinases in ß-Cells: Expression and Characteristics

A. Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases

B. Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases

C. Ca²⁺/phospholipid-dependent protein kinases

D. Mitogen-activated protein kinases

E. Protein tyrosine kinases

III. Phosphorylation of Endogenous Proteins in ß-Cells

A. Methods for studying protein phosphorylation in ß-cells

B. Endogenous kinase substrates in ß-cells

IV. Protein Kinases and the Regulation of Insulin Secretion

A. Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases

B. Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases

C. Ca²⁺/phospholipid-dependent protein kinases

D. Mitogen-activated protein kinases

E. Protein tyrosine kinases

V. Protein Phosphatases and Protein Dephosphorylation in ß-Cells

A. Serine/threonine protein phosphatases

B. Protein phosphatases in ß-cells

VI. Protein Kinase-Independent Secretory Pathways

VII. Summary and Future Perspectives

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