Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in Serum and Other Biological Fluids: Regulation and Functions

doi:10.1210/er.18.6.801

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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in Serum and Other Biological Fluids: Regulation and Functions¹

Sujatha Rajaram, David J. Baylink and Subburaman Mohan

Mineral Metabolism Laboratory (D.J.B., S.M.), Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Administration Medical Center, Department of Nutrition (S.R.), School of Public Health, Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, and Physiology, School of Medicine (D.J.B., S.M), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92357

I. Introduction

II. Characteristics of the IGFBPs

III. TargetCell Actions of the IGFBPs

A. To modulate IGF actions

B.To facilitate storage of IGFs in extracellular matrices

C.To exert IGF-independent effects

IV. IGF-IGFBP Complexes inBiological Fluids

A. Serum

B. Milk

C. Urine

D. Cerebrospinalfluid (CSF)

E. Follicular fluid

F. Amniotic fluid

G. Lymph

H. Seminal fluid

I. Other biological fluids

V. Assaysfor Circulating Levels of IGFBP

A. Western ligand blotting

B. Western immunoblotting

C. RIA

D. Immunoradiometricassay (IRMA)

VI. Relative Distribution of IGFBPs in Serum

VII. Regulation of Serum IGFBPs

A. Physiological conditions

B. Development and aging

C. Hormonal effects: mechanisms

D. Pathological conditions

VIII. IGFBP Proteases in Circulation

A. Proteases under normal conditions

B. Pregnancy-associatedproteases

C. Proteases under catabolic and disease states

IX. Endocrine Functions of IGFBPs in Serum

A. To preventinsulin-like effects

B. To increase the half-lives of IGFs

C. To control the transport of IGFs from the vascular space

X. Conclusions

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Sustained Elevation of Pulsatile Growth Hormone (GH) Secretion and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), IGF-Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and IGFBP-5 Concentrations during 30-Day Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of GH-Releasing Peptide-2 in Older Men and Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2004; 89(5): 2290 - 2300.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

L. J. Spicer
Proteolytic Degradation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins by Ovarian Follicles: A Control Mechanism for Selection of Dominant Follicles
Biol Reprod, May 1, 2004; 70(5): 1223 - 1230.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. Ayuk, R. N. Clayton, G. Holder, M. C. Sheppard, P. M. Stewart, and A. S. Bates
Growth Hormone and Pituitary Radiotherapy, But Not Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentrations, Predict Excess Mortality in Patients with Acromegaly
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2004; 89(4): 1613 - 1617.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

K. Wolk, S. C. Larsson, B. Vessby, A. Wolk, and K. Brismar
Metabolic, Anthropometric, and Nutritional Factors as Predictors of Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 Levels in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2004; 89(4): 1879 - 1884.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Z. T. Resch, B.-K. Chen, L. K. Bale, C. Oxvig, M. T. Overgaard, and C. A. Conover
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A Gene Expression as a Target of Inflammatory Cytokines
Endocrinology, March 1, 2004; 145(3): 1124 - 1129.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. Baron-Hay, F. Boyle, A. Ferrier, and C. Scott
Elevated Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Ovarian Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2004; 10(5): 1796 - 1806.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. R. Ravelich, B. H. Breier, S. Reddy, J. A. Keelan, D. N. Wells, A. J. Peterson, and R. S.F. Lee
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Binding Proteins 1, 2, and 3 in Bovine Nuclear Transfer Pregnancies
Biol Reprod, February 1, 2004; 70(2): 430 - 438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S.'i. Miyamoto, K. Yano, S. Sugimoto, G. Ishii, T. Hasebe, Y. Endoh, K. Kodama, M. Goya, T. Chiba, and A. Ochiai
Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Facilitates Insulin-Like Growth Factor Bioavailability through Its Proteinase Activity on Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3
Cancer Res., January 15, 2004; 64(2): 665 - 671.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

F. Haddad and G. R. Adams
Inhibition of MAP/ERK kinase prevents IGF-I-induced hypertrophy in rat muscles
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 203 - 210.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. Nemet, P. H. Connolly, A. M. Pontello-Pescatello, C. Rose-Gottron, J. K. Larson, P. Galassetti, and D. M. Cooper
Negative energy balance plays a major role in the IGF-I response to exercise training
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 276 - 282.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. R. Edmondson, S. P. Thumiger, G. A. Werther, and C. J. Wraight
Epidermal Homeostasis: The Role of the Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Systems
Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2003; 24(6): 737 - 764.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Y. Matsumoto, Y. Oda, M. Uryu, and Y. Hayakawa
Insect Cytokine Growth-blocking Peptide Triggers a Termination System of Cellular Immunity by Inducing Its Binding Protein
J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 2003; 278(40): 38579 - 38585.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. A. Clowes, H. C. Allen, D. M. Prentis, R. Eastell, and A. Blumsohn
Octreotide Abolishes the Acute Decrease in Bone Turnover in Response to Oral Glucose
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2003; 88(10): 4867 - 4873.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

X. Wu, S.-T. Pang, L. Sahlin, A. Blanck, G. Norstedt, and A. Flores-Morales
Gene Expression Profiling of the Effects of Castration and Estrogen Treatment in the Rat Uterus
Biol Reprod, October 1, 2003; 69(4): 1308 - 1317.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

B. C. Nindl, J. W. Castellani, A. J. Young, J. F. Patton, M. J. Khosravi, A. Diamandi, and S. J. Montain
Differential responses of IGF-I molecular complexes to military operational field training
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2003; 95(3): 1083 - 1089.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

B.-K. Chen, K. M. Leiferman, M. R. Pittelkow, M. T. Overgaard, C. Oxvig, and C. A. Conover
Localization and Regulation of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A Expression in Healing Human Skin
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2003; 88(9): 4465 - 4471.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

C. H. Lang, T. C. Vary, and R. A. Frost
Acute in Vivo Elevation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Binding Protein-1 Decreases Plasma Free IGF-I and Muscle Protein Synthesis
Endocrinology, September 1, 2003; 144(9): 3922 - 3933.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J A Mohammed, A Y. Mok, A Parbtani, and D G Matsell
Increased expression of insulin-like growth factors in progressive glomerulonephritis of the MRL lpr mouse
Lupus, August 1, 2003; 12(8): 584 - 590.
[Abstract] [PDF]

S. Mohan, G. Masinde, X. Li, and D. J. Baylink
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci That Influence Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-5 Levels in F2 Mice (MRL/MpJ X SJL/J)
Endocrinology, August 1, 2003; 144(8): 3491 - 3496.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. N. Sauter, E. Ontsouka, B. Roffler, Y. Zbinden, C. Philipona, M. Pfaffl, B. H. Breier, J. W. Blum, and H. M. Hammon
Effects of dexamethasone and colostrum intake on the somatotropic axis in neonatal calves
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2003; 285(2): E252 - E261.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

T. B. Twickler, M. J. M. Cramer, G. M. Dallinga-Thie, M. J. Chapman, D. W. Erkelens, and H. P. F. Koppeschaar
Adult-Onset Growth Hormone Deficiency: Relation of Postprandial Dyslipidemia to Premature Atherosclerosis
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2003; 88(6): 2479 - 2488.
[Full Text] [PDF]

R. O. Roberts, D. J. Jacobson, C. J. Girman, T. Rhodes, G. G. Klee, M. M. Lieber, and S. J. Jacobsen
Insulin-like Growth Factor I, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3, and Urologic Measures of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Am. J. Epidemiol., May 1, 2003; 157(9): 784 - 791.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S.-E. Kong, R. C. Baxter, and P. J. D. Delhanty
Age-Dependent Regulation of the Acid-Labile Subunit in Response to Fasting-Refeeding in Rats
Endocrinology, December 1, 2002; 143(12): 4505 - 4512.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. B. Speert, S. J. MCClennen, and A. F. Seasholtz
Sexually Dimorphic Expression of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Binding Protein in the Mouse Pituitary
Endocrinology, December 1, 2002; 143(12): 4730 - 4741.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

L. Rosendal, H. Langberg, A. Flyvbjerg, J. Frystyk, H. Orskov, and M. Kjar
Physical capacity influences the response of insulin-like growth factor and its binding proteins to training
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2002; 93(5): 1669 - 1675.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. HOEFLICH, M. M. WEBER, T. FISCH, S. NEDBAL, C. FOTTNER, M. W. ELMLINGER, R. WANKE, and E. WOLF
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) separates hypertrophic and hyperplastic effects of growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I excess on adrenocortical cells in vivo
FASEB J, November 1, 2002; 16(13): 1721 - 1731.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. Bachelot, P. Monget, P. Imbert-Bollore, K. Coshigano, J. J. Kopchick, P. A. Kelly, and N. Binart
Growth Hormone Is Required for Ovarian Follicular Growth
Endocrinology, October 1, 2002; 143(10): 4104 - 4112.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. Nemet, Y. Oh, H.-S. Kim, M. Hill, and D. M. Cooper
Effect of Intense Exercise on Inflammatory Cytokines and Growth Mediators in Adolescent Boys
Pediatrics, October 1, 2002; 110(4): 681 - 689.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]