help button home button Endocrine Society Endocrine Reviews
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Dunaif, A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Dunaif, A.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
*Compound via MeSH
*Substance via MeSH
Endocrine Reviews 18 (6): 774-800
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society

Insulin Resistance and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanism and Implications for Pathogenesis1

Andrea Dunaif

Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033

I. Introduction
A. Background and historical perspective
B. Definition of PCOS
II. Insulin Action in PCOS
A. Glucose tolerance
B. Insulin action in vivo in PCOS
C. Insulin secretion in PCOS
D. Insulin clearance in PCOS
E. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance
F. Constraints of insulin action studies in PCOS
G. PCOS as a unique NIDDM subphenotype
III. Hypotheses Explaining the Association of Insulin Resistance and PCOS
A. Causal association
B. Possible genetic association of PCOS and insulin resistance
IV. Clinical Implications of Insulin Resistance in PCOS
A. Clinical diagnosis of insulin resistance
B. Other metabolic disorders in PCOS
C. Therapeutic considerations
V. Summary




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
E. Moll, J.C. Korevaar, P.M.M. Bossuyt, and F. van der Veen
Does adding metformin to clomifene citrate lead to higher pregnancy rates in a subset of women with polycystic ovary syndrome?
Hum. Reprod., August 1, 2008; 23(8): 1830 - 1834.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Demissie, M. Lazic, E. M. Foecking, F. Aird, A. Dunaif, and J. E. Levine
Transient prenatal androgen exposure produces metabolic syndrome in adult female rats
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2008; 295(2): E262 - E268.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. M. Barber, M. Hazell, C. Christodoulides, S. J. Golding, C. Alvey, K. Burling, A. Vidal-Puig, N. P. Groome, J. A. H. Wass, S. Franks, et al.
Serum Levels of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Adiponectin in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Associations with Visceral Fat But No Evidence for Fat Mass-Independent Effects on Pathogenesis in This Condition
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2008; 93(7): 2859 - 2865.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. Elkind-Hirsch, O. Marrioneaux, M. Bhushan, D. Vernor, and R. Bhushan
Comparison of Single and Combined Treatment with Exenatide and Metformin on Menstrual Cyclicity in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2008; 93(7): 2670 - 2678.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
S. M. Fenkci, V. Fenkci, O. Oztekin, S. Rota, and N. Karagenc
Serum total L-carnitine levels in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2008; 23(7): 1602 - 1606.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
H. TFAYLI and S. ARSLANIAN
Menstrual Health and the Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., June 1, 2008; 1135(1): 85 - 94.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
M. Jensterle, A. Janez, B. Mlinar, J. Marc, J. Prezelj, and M. Pfeifer
Impact of metformin and rosiglitazone treatment on glucose transporter 4 mRNA expression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., June 1, 2008; 158(6): 793 - 801.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
M. Rachmiel, S. Kives, E. Atenafu, and J. Hamilton
Primary Amenorrhea as a Manifestation of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Adolescents: A Unique Subgroup?
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, June 1, 2008; 162(6): 521 - 525.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
L.P. Cheung, R.C.W. Ma, P.M. Lam, I.H. Lok, C.J. Haines, W.Y. So, P.C.Y. Tong, C.S. Cockram, C.C. Chow, and W.B. Goggins
Cardiovascular risks and metabolic syndrome in Hong Kong Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Hum. Reprod., June 1, 2008; 23(6): 1431 - 1438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
B. K. Tan, D. Heutling, J. Chen, S. Farhatullah, R. Adya, S. D. Keay, C. R. Kennedy, H. Lehnert, and H. S. Randeva
Metformin Decreases the Adipokine Vaspin in Overweight Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Concomitant With Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity and a Decrease in Insulin Resistance
Diabetes, June 1, 2008; 57(6): 1501 - 1507.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
S. Franks, J. Stark, and K. Hardy
Follicle dynamics and anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome
Hum. Reprod. Update, May 22, 2008; (2008) dmn015v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
S Cupisti, N Kajaia, R Dittrich, H Duezenli, M W Beckmann, and A Mueller
Body mass index and ovarian function are associated with endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in women with hyperandrogenic syndrome
Eur. J. Endocrinol., May 1, 2008; 158(5): 711 - 719.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. E. Recabarren, R. Smith, R. Rios, M. Maliqueo, B. Echiburu, E. Codner, F. Cassorla, P. Rojas, and T. Sir-Petermann
Metabolic Profile in Sons of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2008; 93(5): 1820 - 1826.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
M. Mohlig, M. O Weickert, E. Ghadamgahi, A. M Arafat, J. Spranger, A. F H Pfeiffer, and C. Schofl
Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance, but appears unsuited for metabolic screening in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2008; 158(4): 517 - 523.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
E. Diamanti-Kandarakis, S. Livadas, S. A Kandarakis, A. Margeli, and I. Papassotiriou
Serum concentrations of atherogenic proteins neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and its complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 are significantly lower in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: hint of a protective mechanism?
Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2008; 158(4): 525 - 531.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
B. K. Tan, R. Adya, S. Farhatullah, K. C. Lewandowski, P. O'Hare, H. Lehnert, and H. S. Randeva
Omentin-1, a Novel Adipokine, Is Decreased in Overweight Insulin-Resistant Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Regulation of Omentin-1 by Insulin and Glucose
Diabetes, April 1, 2008; 57(4): 801 - 808.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Reproductive SciencesHome page
S. Chakrabarty and M. Nagamani
Peripubertal Hyperinsulinemia Upregulates Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway in Rat Ovaries
Reproductive Sciences, March 1, 2008; 15(3): 274 - 284.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. M. Barber, S. J. Golding, C. Alvey, J. A. H. Wass, F. Karpe, S. Franks, and M. I. McCarthy
Global Adiposity Rather Than Abnormal Regional Fat Distribution Characterizes Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2008; 93(3): 999 - 1004.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
D. Heutling, H. Schulz, I. Nickel, J. Kleinstein, P. Kaltwasser, S. Westphal, F. Mittermayer, M. Wolzt, K. Krzyzanowska, H. Randeva, et al.
Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine, Inflammatory and Metabolic Parameters in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome before and after Metformin Treatment
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2008; 93(1): 82 - 90.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
L. J Moran, M. Noakes, P. M Clifton, G. A Wittert, C. W Le Roux, M. A Ghatei, S. R Bloom, and R. J Norman
Postprandial ghrelin, cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and appetite before and after weight loss in overweight women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2007; 86(6): 1603 - 1610.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. Roberge, A. C. Carpentier, M.-F. Langlois, J.-P. Baillargeon, J.-L. Ardilouze, P. Maheux, and N. Gallo-Payet
Adrenocortical dysregulation as a major player in insulin resistance and onset of obesity
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2007; 293(6): E1465 - E1478.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
P. Vigil, P. Contreras, J. L. Alvarado, A. Godoy, A. M. Salgado, and M. E. Cortes
Evidence of subpopulations with different levels of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Hum. Reprod., November 1, 2007; 22(11): 2974 - 2980.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
N. Kajaia, H. Binder, R. Dittrich, P. G Oppelt, B. Flor, S. Cupisti, M. W Beckmann, and A. Mueller
Low sex hormone-binding globulin as a predictive marker for insulin resistance in women with hyperandrogenic syndrome
Eur. J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2007; 157(4): 499 - 507.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
V. Skov, D. Glintborg, S. Knudsen, T. Jensen, T. A. Kruse, Q. Tan, K. Brusgaard, H. Beck-Nielsen, and K. Hojlund
Reduced Expression of Nuclear-Encoded Genes Involved in Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Insulin-Resistant Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Diabetes, September 1, 2007; 56(9): 2349 - 2355.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
M. Mohlig, M. O Weickert, E. Ghadamgadai, A. Machlitt, B. Pfuller, A. M Arafat, A. F H Pfeiffer, and C. Schofl
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein is associated with markers of obesity, but is an unlikely link between obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome women
Eur. J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2007; 157(2): 195 - 200.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. J. Moran, M. Noakes, P. M. Clifton, G. A. Wittert, D. P. Belobrajdic, and R. J. Norman
C-Reactive Protein before and after Weight Loss in Overweight Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2007; 92(8): 2944 - 2951.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. Palomba, A. Falbo, T. Russo, F. Manguso, A. Tolino, F. Zullo, P. De Feo, and F. Orio Jr.
Insulin Sensitivity after Metformin Suspension in Normal-Weight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2007; 92(8): 3128 - 3135.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol Hum ReprodHome page
X. Ma, L. Fan, Y. Meng, Z. Hou, Y.-D. Mao, W. Wang, W. Ding, and J.-Y. Liu
Proteomic analysis of human ovaries from normal and polycystic ovarian syndrome
Mol. Hum. Reprod., August 1, 2007; 13(8): 527 - 535.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Carmina, S. Bucchieri, A. Esposito, A. Del Puente, P. Mansueto, F. Orio, G. Di Fede, and G. Rini
Abdominal Fat Quantity and Distribution in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Extent of Its Relation to Insulin Resistance
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2007; 92(7): 2500 - 2505.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Luque-Ramirez, F. Alvarez-Blasco, J. I. Botella-Carretero, E. Martinez-Bermejo, M. A. Lasuncion, and H. F. Escobar-Morreale
Comparison of Ethinyl-Estradiol Plus Cyproterone Acetate Versus Metformin Effects on Classic Metabolic Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2007; 92(7): 2453 - 2461.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
B. K. Tan, J. Chen, H. Lehnert, R. Kennedy, and H. S. Randeva
Raised Serum, Adipocyte, and Adipose Tissue Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Effects of Gonadal and Adrenal Steroids
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2007; 92(7): 2764 - 2772.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
T. Sir-Petermann, B. Echiburu, M M. Maliqueo, N. Crisosto, F. Sanchez, C. Hitschfeld, M. Carcamo, P. Amigo, and F. Perez-Bravo
Serum adiponectin and lipid concentrations in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2007; 22(7): 1830 - 1836.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Luque-Ramirez, F. Alvarez-Blasco, C. Mendieta-Azcona, J. I. Botella-Carretero, and H. F. Escobar-Morreale
Obesity Is the Major Determinant of the Abnormalities in Blood Pressure Found in Young Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2007; 92(6): 2141 - 2148.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
M.L. Hendriks, J.C.F. Ket, P.G.A. Hompes, R. Homburg, and C.B. Lambalk
Why does ovarian surgery in PCOS help? Insight into the endocrine implications of ovarian surgery for ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome
Hum. Reprod. Update, May 1, 2007; 13(3): 249 - 264.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Codner and H. F. Escobar-Morreale
Hyperandrogenism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2007; 92(4): 1209 - 1216.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
K.-M. Seow, C.-C. Juan, Y.-P. Hsu, J.-L. Hwang, L.-W. Huang, and L.-T. Ho
Amelioration of insulin resistance in women with PCOS via reduced insulin receptor substrate-1 Ser312 phosphorylation following laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery
Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2007; 22(4): 1003 - 1010.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
K.-M. Seow, C.-C. Juan, L.-T. Ho, Y.-P. Hsu, Y.-H. Lin, L.-W. Huang, and J.-L. Hwang
Adipocyte resistin mRNA levels are down-regulated by laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery in both obese and lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2007; 22(4): 1100 - 1106.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
S. E Kasim-Karakas, W. M Cunningham, and A. Tsodikov
Relation of nutrients and hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2007; 85(3): 688 - 694.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
A Corbould
Chronic testosterone treatment induces selective insulin resistance in subcutaneous adipocytes of women
J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2007; 192(3): 585 - 594.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
R. S. Legro
A 27-Year-Old Woman With a Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
JAMA, February 7, 2007; 297(5): 509 - 519.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
E. KOUSTA
Premature Adrenarche Leads to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?: Long-Term Consequences
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., December 1, 2006; 1092(1): 148 - 157.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
R. PASQUALI and A. GAMBINERI
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Multifaceted Disease from Adolescence to Adult Age
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., December 1, 2006; 1092(1): 158 - 174.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
E. DIAMANTI-KANDARAKIS, T. PATERAKIS, and H. A. KANDARAKIS
Indices of Low-Grade Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., December 1, 2006; 1092(1): 175 - 186.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
B. K. Tan, J. Chen, J. E. Digby, S. D. Keay, C. R. Kennedy, and H. S. Randeva
Increased Visfatin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Protein Levels in Adipose Tissue and Adipocytes in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Parallel Increase in Plasma Visfatin
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2006; 91(12): 5022 - 5028.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
E. CHARMANDARI and G. P CHROUSOS
Metabolic Syndrome Manifestations in Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Do They Predispose to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Secondary Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 1, 2006; 1083(1): 37 - 53.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
E. DIAMANTI-KANDARAKIS and F. ECONOMOU
Stress in Women: Metabolic Syndrome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 1, 2006; 1083(1): 54 - 62.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
A. N VGONTZAS, E. O BIXLER, and G. P CHROUSOS
Obesity-Related Sleepiness and Fatigue: The Role of the Stress System and Cytokines
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 1, 2006; 1083(1): 329 - 344.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
C. Li, E. S. Ford, L. C. McGuire, A. H. Mokdad, R. R. Little, and G. M. Reaven
Trends in hyperinsulinemia among nondiabetic adults in the u.s.
Diabetes Care, November 1, 2006; 29(11): 2396 - 2402.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
F. Alvarez-Blasco, J. I. Botella-Carretero, J. L. San Millan, and H. F. Escobar-Morreale
Prevalence and characteristics of the polycystic ovary syndrome in overweight and obese women.
Arch Intern Med, October 23, 2006; 166(19): 2081 - 2086.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
A. G. Hoppin, E. S. Katz, L. M. Kaplan, and G. Y. Lauwers
Case 31-2006 -- A 15-Year-Old Girl with Severe Obesity.
N. Engl. J. Med., October 12, 2006; 355(15): 1593 - 1602.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
D. R. Stewart, B. A. Dombroski, M. Urbanek, W. Ankener, K. G. Ewens, J. R. Wood, R. S. Legro, J. F. Strauss III, A. Dunaif, and R. S. Spielman
Fine Mapping of Genetic Susceptibility to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on Chromosome 19p13.2 and Tests for Regulatory Activity
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2006; 91(10): 4112 - 4117.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
H.F. Escobar-Morreale, G. Villuendas, J.I. Botella-Carretero, F. Alvarez-Blasco, R. Sanchon, M. Luque-Ramirez, and J.L. San Millan
Adiponectin and resistin in PCOS: a clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic study
Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2006; 21(9): 2257 - 2265.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
M. H M Lima, L. C Souza, L. C Caperuto, E. Bevilacqua, A. L Gasparetti, R. Zanuto, M. J A Saad, and C. R O Carvalho
Up-regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in the ovary of rats by chronic treatment with hCG and insulin.
J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2006; 190(2): 451 - 459.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
J. C. Lo, S. L. Feigenbaum, G. J. Escobar, J. Yang, Y. M. Crites, and A. Ferrara
Increased Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Women With Diagnosed Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A population-based study
Diabetes Care, August 1, 2006; 29(8): 1915 - 1917.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
M. Mohlig, A. Jurgens, J. Spranger, K. Hoffmann, M. O Weickert, H. W Schlosser, T. Schill, G. Brabant, A. Schuring, A. F H Pfeiffer, et al.
The androgen receptor CAG repeat modifies the impact of testosterone on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2006; 155(1): 127 - 130.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
S.K. Blank, C.R. McCartney, and J.C. Marshall
The origins and sequelae of abnormal neuroendocrine function in polycystic ovary syndrome
Hum. Reprod. Update, July 1, 2006; 12(4): 351 - 361.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BMJHome page
E. Moll, P. M M Bossuyt, J. C Korevaar, C. B Lambalk, and F. van der Veen
Effect of clomifene citrate plus metformin and clomifene citrate plus placebo on induction of ovulation in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: randomised double blind clinical trial
BMJ, June 24, 2006; 332(7556): 1485.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
R. Pasquali and A. Gambineri
Insulin-sensitizing agents in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., June 1, 2006; 154(6): 763 - 775.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
A Dagre, J Lekakis, C Mihas, A Protogerou, L Thalassinou, D Tryfonopoulos, G Douridas, C Papamichael, and M Alevizaki
Association of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate with endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., June 1, 2006; 154(6): 883 - 890.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
G. S. Daftary and H. S. Taylor
Endocrine Regulation of HOX Genes
Endocr. Rev., June 1, 2006; 27(4): 331 - 355.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Codner, N. Soto, P. Lopez, L. Trejo, A. Avila, F. C. Eyzaguirre, G. Iniguez, and F. Cassorla
Diagnostic Criteria