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Endocrine Reviews 18 (4): 541-609
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society

Gonadal Peptides as Mediators of Development and Functional Control of the Testis: An Integrated System with Hormones and Local Environment1

Lucio Gnessi, Andrea Fabbri and Giovanni Spera

Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy

I. Introduction
II. Neurohormones/Neuropeptides
A. GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)
B. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)
C. GnRH
D. CRH
E. Oxytocin (OT)
F. Arginine vasopressin (AVP)
G. TRH
H. Somatostatin (SRIF)
I. Opioids
J. Substance-P (SP)
K. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
III. Peptides Originally Identified in the Male Gonad
A. Inhibin (INH) and activin (ACT)
B. PModS
IV. Growth Factors
A. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBs)
B. Transforming growth factor-ß (TGFß)
C. TGF{alpha}/EGF
D. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
E. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
F. Nerve growth factor (NGF)
G. Steel factor (SLF)
H. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)
V. Immune Derived Cytokines
A. Interleukins (ILs)
B. Tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} (TNF{alpha})
VI. Vasoactive Peptides
A. Endothelin (ET)
B. Angiotensin-II (AT-II)
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
VII. Conclusions and Perspectives




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