Gonadal Peptides as Mediators of Development and Functional Control of the Testis: An Integrated System with Hormones and Local Environment1
Lucio Gnessi,
Andrea Fabbri and
Giovanni Spera
Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medica, Università di Roma
"La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
I. Introduction
II. Neurohormones/Neuropeptides
A. GH-releasinghormone (GHRH)
B. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide(PACAP)
C. GnRH
D. CRH
E. Oxytocin (OT)
F. Argininevasopressin (AVP)
G. TRH
H. Somatostatin (SRIF)
I. Opioids
J. Substance-P (SP)
K. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
III. PeptidesOriginally Identified in the Male Gonad
A. Inhibin (INH) andactivin (ACT)
B. PModS
IV. Growth Factors
A. Insulin-likegrowth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins(IGFBs)
B.Transforming growth factor-ß (TGFß)
C. TGF/EGF
D. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
E. Platelet-derived growthfactor (PDGF)
F. Nerve growth factor (NGF)
G. Steel factor(SLF)
H. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)
V. Immune DerivedCytokines
A. Interleukins (ILs)
B. Tumor necrosis factor-(TNF)
VI. Vasoactive Peptides
A. Endothelin (ET)
B. Angiotensin-II(AT-II)
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
VII. Conclusionsand Perspectives
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