Developmental and Functional Biology of the Primate Fetal Adrenal Cortex1
Sam Mesiano and
Robert B. Jaffe
Reproductive Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics,
Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0556
I. Introduction
II. Development
A. Embryonic adrenal development
B. Fetal adrenal development
C. Neonatal adrenal development
D. Growth
E. Functional development
1. Ontogeny of steroidogenicactivity
2. Functional zonation and ontogeny of steroidogenicenzymeexpression
3. Responsiveness to ACTH
III. Regulation
A. The fetal pituitary and ACTH
B. Growth factors
1. Basicfibroblast growth factor (bFGF)
2. Epidermal growth factor(EGF)
3. Insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II)
4. Activin/inhibins
5. TGFß
C. Nuclear receptors/transcriptionfactors
D. Placental factors
1. Human CG (hCG)
2. PlacentalCRH and ACTH
3. Indirect effect of placental glucocorticoidmetabolism
4. Placental estrogens
IV. Physiology
A. Placentalestrogen formation
B. Timing of parturition and fetal maturation
V. Summary
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104 - 109.
[Abstract][Full Text]
T. J. Rosol, J. T. Yarrington, J. Latendresse, and C. C. Capen Adrenal Gland: Structure, Function, and Mechanisms of Toxicity
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L. Breault, E. Chamoux, J.-G. LeHoux, and N. Gallo-Payet Localization of G Protein {{alpha}}-Subunits in the Human Fetal Adrenal Gland
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J. R.G. Challis, S. G. Matthews, W. Gibb, and S. J. Lye Endocrine and Paracrine Regulation of Birth at Term and Preterm
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P. C. White and P. W. Speiser Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
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F. Wilkin, N. Gagné, J. Paquette, L. L. Oligny, and C. Deal Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumors: Molecular Events Leading to Insulin-Like Growth Factor II Gene Overexpression
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P C Ng The fetal and neonatal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
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C. L. Coulter, D. A. Myers, P. W. Nathanielsz, and I. M. Bird Ontogeny of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Cytochrome P450c11 in the Sheep Adrenal Gland
Biol Reprod,
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M. C. Zatelli, R. Rossi, and E. C. degli Uberti Androgen Influences Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 Gene Expression in Human Adrenocortical Cells
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E. Chamoux Involvement of the Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor in Apoptosis during Human Fetal Adrenal Gland Development
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December 1, 1999;
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E. D. Albrecht, J. S. Babischkin, W. A. Davies, M. G. Leavitt, and G. J. Pepe Identification and Developmental Expression of the Estrogen Receptor {alpha} and {beta} in the Baboon Fetal Adrenal Gland
Endocrinology,
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A. Chakravorty, S. Mesiano, and R. B. Jaffe Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulates P450 17{alpha}-Hydroxylase/17,20-Lyase in Human Fetal Adrenal Cells via Protein Kinase C
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October 1, 1999;
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M. G. Leavitt, E. D. Albrecht, and G. J. Pepe Development of the Baboon Fetal Adrenal Gland: Regulation of the Ontogenesis of the Definitive and Transitional Zones by Adrenocorticotropin
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T. Tajima, X.-M. Ma, S. R. Bornstein, and G. Aguilera Prenatal Dexamethasone Treatment Does Not Prevent Alterations of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis in Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficient Mice
Endocrinology,
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R. B. Billiar, M. G. Leavitt, P. Smith, E. D. Albrecht, and G. J. Pepe Functional Capacity of Fetal Zone Cells of the Baboon Fetal Adrenal Gland: A Major Source of {alpha}-Inhibin
Biol Reprod,
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M. Freemark Editorial: The Fetal Adrenal and the Maturation of the Growth Hormone and Prolactin Axes
Endocrinology,
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M. M. Weber, C. Fottner, P. Schmidt, K. M. H. Brodowski, K. Gittner, H. Lahm, D. Engelhardt, and E. Wolf Postnatal Overexpression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor II in Transgenic Mice Is Associated with Adrenocortical Hyperplasia and Enhanced Steroidogenesis
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S. J. Spencer, S. Mesiano, J. Y. Lee, and R. B. Jaffe Proliferation and Apoptosis in the Human Adrenal Cortex during the Fetal and Perinatal Periods: Implications for Growth and Remodeling
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P. J. Burton and B. J. Waddell Dual Function of 11ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Placenta: Modulating Placental Glucocorticoid Passage and Local Steroid Action
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C. L. Coulter and R. B. Jaffe Functional Maturation of the Primate Fetal Adrenal in Vivo: 3. Specific Zonal Localization and Developmental Regulation of CYP21A2 (P450c21) and CYP11B1/CYP11B2 (P450c11/Aldosterone Synthase) Lead to Integrated Concept of Zonal and Temporal Steroid Biosynthesis
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R. Smith, S. Mesiano, E.-C. Chan, S. Brown, and R. B. Jaffe Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly and Preferentially Stimulates Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Secretion by Human Fetal Adrenal Cortical Cells
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N. Boulle, A. Logié, C. Gicquel, L. Perin, and Y. Le Bouc Increased Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor II (IGF-II) and IGF-Binding Protein-2 Are Associated with Malignancy in Sporadic Adrenocortical Tumors
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J. L. Shifren, S. Mesiano, R. N. Taylor, N. Ferrara, and R. B. Jaffe Corticotropin Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Human Fetal Adrenal Cortical Cells
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G. W. Aberdeen, M. G. Leavitt, G. J. Pepe, and E. D. Albrecht Effect of Maternal Betamethasone Administration at Midgestation on Baboon Fetal Adrenal Gland Development and Adrenocorticotropin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression
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G. Cao, C. K. Garcia, K. L. Wyne, R. A. Schultz, K. L. Parker, and H. H. Hobbs Structure and Localization of the Human Gene Encoding SR-BI/CLA-1. EVIDENCE FOR TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL BY STEROIDOGENIC FACTOR 1
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