help button home button Endocrine Society Endocrine Reviews
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Mesiano, S.
Right arrow Articles by Jaffe, R. B.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Mesiano, S.
Right arrow Articles by Jaffe, R. B.
Endocrine Reviews 18 (3): 378-403
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society

Developmental and Functional Biology of the Primate Fetal Adrenal Cortex1

Sam Mesiano and Robert B. Jaffe

Reproductive Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0556

I. Introduction
II. Development
A. Embryonic adrenal development
B. Fetal adrenal development
C. Neonatal adrenal development
D. Growth
E. Functional development
1. Ontogeny of steroidogenic activity
2. Functional zonation and ontogeny of steroidogenic enzyme expression
3. Responsiveness to ACTH
III. Regulation
A. The fetal pituitary and ACTH
B. Growth factors
1. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)
2. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
3. Insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II)
4. Activin/inhibins
5. TGFß
C. Nuclear receptors/transcription factors
D. Placental factors
1. Human CG (hCG)
2. Placental CRH and ACTH
3. Indirect effect of placental glucocorticoid metabolism
4. Placental estrogens
IV. Physiology
A. Placental estrogen formation
B. Timing of parturition and fetal maturation
V. Summary




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
Hum ReprodHome page
M. F. Gjerstorff, L. Harkness, M. Kassem, U. Frandsen, O. Nielsen, M. Lutterodt, K. Mollgard, and H. J. Ditzel
Distinct GAGE and MAGE-A expression during early human development indicate specific roles in lineage differentiation
Hum. Reprod., July 8, 2008; (2008) den262v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
H. Ishimoto, K. Minegishi, T. Higuchi, M. Furuya, S. Asai, S. H. Kim, M. Tanaka, Y. Yoshimura, and R. B. Jaffe
The Periphery of the Human Fetal Adrenal Gland Is a Site of Angiogenesis: Zonal Differential Expression and Regulation of Angiogenic Factors
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2008; 93(6): 2402 - 2408.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
M. E. Janes, K. M. E. Chu, A. J. L. Clark, and P. J. King
Mechanisms of Adrenocorticotropin-Induced Activation of Extracellularly Regulated Kinase 1/2 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in the Human H295R Adrenal Cell Line
Endocrinology, April 1, 2008; 149(4): 1898 - 1905.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Reproductive SciencesHome page
Y. Nakamura, S. Aoki, Yewei Xing, H. Sasano, and W. E. Rainey
Metastin Stimulates Aldosterone Synthesis in Human Adrenal Cells
Reproductive Sciences, December 1, 2007; 14(8): 836 - 845.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. Doghman, T. Karpova, G. A. Rodrigues, M. Arhatte, J. De Moura, L. R. Cavalli, V. Virolle, P. Barbry, G. P. Zambetti, B. C. Figueiredo, et al.
Increased Steroidogenic Factor-1 Dosage Triggers Adrenocortical Cell Proliferation and Cancer
Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2007; 21(12): 2968 - 2987.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J EndocrinolHome page
Z. Yang, C. Guo, P. Zhu, W. Li, L. Myatt, and K. Sun
Role of glucocorticoid receptor and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein {alpha} in the feed-forward induction of 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression by cortisol in human amnion fibroblasts
J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2007; 195(2): 241 - 253.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
J. T. Ross, I. C. McMillen, F. Lok, A. G. Thiel, J. A. Owens, and C. L. Coulter
Intrafetal Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Infusion Stimulates Adrenal Growth But Not Steroidogenesis in the Sheep Fetus during Late Gestation
Endocrinology, November 1, 2007; 148(11): 5424 - 5432.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur J EndocrinolHome page
H. L Claahsen-van der Grinten, F. C G J Sweep, J. G Blickman, A. R M M Hermus, and B. J Otten
Prevalence of testicular adrenal rest tumours in male children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Eur. J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2007; 157(3): 339 - 344.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
H. L. Claahsen-van der Grinten, B. J. Otten, F. C. G. J. Sweep, P. N. Span, H. A. Ross, E. J. H. Meuleman, and A. R. M. M. Hermus
Testicular Tumors in Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Show Functional Features of Adrenocortical Tissue
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2007; 92(9): 3674 - 3680.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Doghman, M. Arhatte, H. Thibout, G. Rodrigues, J. De Moura, S. Grosso, A. N. West, M. Laurent, J.-C. Mas, A. Bongain, et al.
Nephroblastoma Overexpressed/Cysteine-Rich Protein 61/Connective Tissue Growth Factor/Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Gene-3 (NOV/CCN3), a Selective Adrenocortical Cell Proapoptotic Factor, Is Down-Regulated in Childhood Adrenocortical Tumors
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2007; 92(8): 3253 - 3260.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. S. Baquedano, N. Saraco, E. Berensztein, C. Pepe, M. Bianchini, E. Levy, J. Goni, M. A. Rivarola, and A. Belgorosky
Identification and Developmental Changes of Aromatase and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Prepubertal and Pubertal Human Adrenal Tissues
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2007; 92(6): 2215 - 2222.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
L. Hershkovitz, F. Beuschlein, S. Klammer, M. Krup, and Y. Weinstein
Adrenal 20{alpha}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in the Mouse Catabolizes Progesterone and 11-Deoxycorticosterone and Is Restricted to the X-Zone
Endocrinology, March 1, 2007; 148(3): 976 - 988.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J EndocrinolHome page
M. Haase, M. Schott, S. R Bornstein, L. K Malendowicz, W. A Scherbaum, and H. S Willenberg
CITED2 is expressed in human adrenocortical cells and regulated by basic fibroblast growth factor
J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2007; 192(2): 459 - 465.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
T. T. To, S. Hahner, G. Nica, K. B. Rohr, M. Hammerschmidt, C. Winkler, and B. Allolio
Pituitary-Interrenal Interaction in Zebrafish Interrenal Organ Development
Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2007; 21(2): 472 - 485.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cancer Res.Home page
A. N. West, G. A. Neale, S. Pounds, B. C. Figueredo, C. Rodriguez Galindo, M. A. D. Pianovski, A. G. Oliveira Filho, D. Malkin, E. Lalli, R. Ribeiro, et al.
Gene Expression Profiling of Childhood Adrenocortical Tumors
Cancer Res., January 15, 2007; 67(2): 600 - 608.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J EndocrinolHome page
A. Dumitrescu, G. W Aberdeen, G. J Pepe, and E. D Albrecht
Developmental expression of cell cycle regulators in the baboon fetal adrenal gland
J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2007; 192(1): 237 - 247.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Drug Metab. Dispos.Home page
M. Grube, S. Reuther, H. Meyer zu Schwabedissen, K. Kock, K. Draber, C. A. Ritter, C. Fusch, G. Jedlitschky, and H. K. Kroemer
Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2B1 and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Interact in the Transepithelial Transport of Steroid Sulfates in Human Placenta
Drug Metab. Dispos., January 1, 2007; 35(1): 30 - 35.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. Sun, D. Brockman, B. Campos, B. Pitzer, and L. Myatt
Induction of Surfactant Protein A Expression by Cortisol Facilitates Prostaglandin Synthesis in Human Chorionic Trophoblasts
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2006; 91(12): 4988 - 4994.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
S. Gentili, J. S. Schwartz, M. J. Waters, and I. C. McMillen
Prolactin and the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in the sheep adrenal gland before birth
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2006; 291(5): R1399 - R1405.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
H. Ishimoto, M. O. Muench, T. Higuchi, K. Minegishi, M. Tanaka, Y. Yoshimura, and R. B. Jaffe
Midkine, a Heparin-Binding Growth Factor, Selectively Stimulates Proliferation of Definitive Zone Cells of the Human Fetal Adrenal Gland
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2006; 91(10): 4050 - 4056.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
C. Torres-Farfan, V. Rocco, C. Monso, F. J. Valenzuela, C. Campino, A. Germain, F. Torrealba, G. J. Valenzuela, and M. Seron-Ferre
Maternal Melatonin Effects on Clock Gene Expression in a Nonhuman Primate Fetus
Endocrinology, October 1, 2006; 147(10): 4618 - 4626.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
H. Ishimoto, D. G. Ginzinger, T. Matsumoto, Y. Hattori, M. Furuya, K. Minegishi, M. Tanaka, Y. Yoshimura, and R. B. Jaffe
Differential Zonal Expression and Adrenocorticotropin Regulation of Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC), a Matricellular Protein, in the Midgestation Human Fetal Adrenal Gland: Implications for Adrenal Development
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2006; 91(8): 3208 - 3214.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
H. Ishimoto, D. G. Ginzinger, and R. B. Jaffe
Adrenocorticotropin Preferentially Up-Regulates Angiopoietin 2 in the Human Fetal Adrenal Gland: Implications for Coordinated Adrenal Organ Growth and Angiogenesis
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2006; 91(5): 1909 - 1915.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
NeoReviewsHome page
K. Watterberg
Fetal Adrenal Development: Implications For Lung Development and Postnatal Disease
NeoReviews, March 1, 2006; 7(3): e135 - e142.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
N. Weintrob, J. Drouin, S. Vallette-Kasic, E. Taub, D. Marom, Y. Lebenthal, G. Klinger, E. Bron-Harlev, and M. Shohat
Low Estriol Levels in the Maternal Triple-Marker Screen as a Predictor of Isolated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency Caused by a New Mutation in the TPIT Gene
Pediatrics, February 1, 2006; 117(2): e322 - e327.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. L. Watterberg, M. L. Shaffer, J. S. Garland, E. H. Thilo, M. C. Mammel, R. J. Couser, S. W. Aucott, C. L. Leach, C. H. Cole, J. S. Gerdes, et al.
Effect of Dose on Response to Adrenocorticotropin in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2005; 90(12): 6380 - 6385.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Zhou, I. M. Bird, D. A. Dumesic, and D. H. Abbott
Adrenal Hyperandrogenism Is Induced by Fetal Androgen Excess in a Rhesus Monkey Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2005; 90(12): 6630 - 6637.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M.-C. Battista, M. Otis, M. Cote, A. Laforest, M. Peter, E. Lalli, and N. Gallo-Payet
Extracellular Matrix and Hormones Modulate DAX-1 Localization in the Human Fetal Adrenal Gland
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2005; 90(9): 5426 - 5431.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
J. S. Leeder, R. Gaedigk, K. A. Marcucci, A. Gaedigk, C. A. Vyhlidal, B. P. Schindel, and R. E. Pearce
Variability of CYP3A7 Expression in Human Fetal Liver
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 2005; 314(2): 626 - 635.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
W. Wu, H. Kamma, M. Fujiwara, Y. Yano, H. Satoh, H. Hara, T. Yashiro, E. Ueno, and Y. Aiyoshi
Altered Expression Patterns of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins A2 and B1 in the Adrenal Cortex
J. Histochem. Cytochem., April 1, 2005; 53(4): 487 - 495.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
E. D. Albrecht, G. W. Aberdeen, and G. J. Pepe
Estrogen Elicits Cortical Zone-Specific Effects on Development of the Primate Fetal Adrenal Gland
Endocrinology, April 1, 2005; 146(4): 1737 - 1744.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
G. D. Hammer, K. L. Parker, and B. P. Schimmer
Minireview: Transcriptional Regulation of Adrenocortical Development
Endocrinology, March 1, 2005; 146(3): 1018 - 1024.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Mol EndocrinolHome page
J Liu, X-D Li, A Vaheri, and R Voutilainen
DNA methylation affects cell proliferation, cortisol secretion and steroidogenic gene expression in human adrenocortical NCI-H295R cells
J. Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2004; 33(3): 651 - 662.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
K. L. Watterberg, J. S. Gerdes, C. H. Cole, S. W. Aucott, E. H. Thilo, M. C. Mammel, R. J. Couser, J. S. Garland, H. J. Rozycki, C. L. Leach, et al.
Prophylaxis of Early Adrenal Insufficiency to Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Multicenter Trial
Pediatrics, December 1, 2004; 114(6): 1649 - 1657.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Mol EndocrinolHome page
J Liu, X-D Li, A Ora, P Heikkila, A Vaheri, and R Voutilainen
cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation inhibits proliferation and enhances apoptotic effect of tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} in NCI-H295R adrenocortical cells
J. Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2004; 33(2): 511 - 522.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
M. Thomas, M. Keramidas, E. Monchaux, and J.-J. Feige
Dual Hormonal Regulation of Endocrine Tissue Mass and Vasculature by Adrenocorticotropin in the Adrenal Cortex
Endocrinology, September 1, 2004; 145(9): 4320 - 4329.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. Lu, T. Suzuki, Y. Yoshikawa, O. Murakami, Y. Miki, T. Moriya, M. H. Bassett, W. E. Rainey, Y. Hayashi, and H. Sasano
Nur-Related Factor 1 and Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Clone B in Human Adrenal Cortex and Its Disorders
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2004; 89(8): 4113 - 4118.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Biol. Reprod.Home page
K.E. Warnes, I.C. McMillen, J.S. Robinson, and C.L. Coulter
Differential Actions of Metyrapone on the Fetal Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in the Sheep Fetus in Late Gestation
Biol Reprod, August 1, 2004; 71(2): 620 - 628.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. K. Ong, N. Potau, C. J. Petry, R. Jones, A. R. Ness, J. W. Honour, F. de Zegher, L. Ibanez, and D. B. Dunger
Opposing Influences of Prenatal and Postnatal Weight Gain on Adrenarche in Normal Boys and Girls
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2004; 89(6): 2647 - 2651.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A.-M. Lefrancois-Martinez, J. Bertherat, P. Val, C. Tournaire, N. Gallo-Payet, D. Hyndman, G. Veyssiere, X. Bertagna, C. Jean, and A. Martinez
Decreased Expression of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Regulated Aldose Reductase (AKR1B1) Is Associated with Malignancy in Human Sporadic Adrenocortical Tumors
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2004; 89(6): 3010 - 3019.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Physiol.Home page
C. Torres-Farfan, H. G. Richter, A. M. Germain, G. J. Valenzuela, C. Campino, P. Rojas-Garcia, M. L. Forcelledo, F. Torrealba, and M. Seron-Ferre
Maternal melatonin selectively inhibits cortisol production in the primate fetal adrenal gland
J. Physiol., February 1, 2004; 554(3): 841 - 856.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
G. MASTORAKOS and I. ILIAS
Maternal and Fetal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axes During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 1, 2003; 997(1): 136 - 149.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
I. Virtanen, M. Korhonen, N. Petajaniemi, T. Karhunen, L.-E. Thornell, L. M. Sorokin, and Y. T. Konttinen
Laminin Isoforms in Fetal and Adult Human Adrenal Cortex
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2003; 88(10): 4960 - 4966.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
D. Rosenberg, L. Groussin, E. Jullian, K. Perlemoine, S. Medjane, A. Louvel, X. Bertagna, and J. Bertherat
Transcription Factor 3',5'-Cyclic Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate-Responsive Element-Binding Protein (CREB) Is Decreased during Human Adrenal Cortex Tumorigenesis and Fetal Development
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2003; 88(8): 3958 - 3965.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
E. Lalli and P. Sassone-Corsi
DAX-1, an Unusual Orphan Receptor at the Crossroads of Steroidogenic Function and Sexual Differentiation
Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2003; 17(8): 1445 - 1453.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. Ratcliffe, M. Nakanishi, and R. B. Jaffe
Identification of Definitive and Fetal Zone Markers in the Human Fetal Adrenal Gland Reveals Putative Developmental Genes
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2003; 88(7): 3272 - 3277.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. M. Blanks, M. Vatish, M. J. Allen, G. Ladds, N. C. J. de Wit, D. M. Slater, and S. Thornton
Paracrine Oxytocin and Estradiol Demonstrate a Spatial Increase in Human Intrauterine Tissues with Labor
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2003; 88(7): 3392 - 3400.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
F. Beuschlein, B. D. Looyenga, S. E. Bleasdale, C. Mutch, D. L. Bavers, A. F. Parlow, J. H. Nilson, and G. D. Hammer
Activin Induces x-Zone Apoptosis That Inhibits Luteinizing Hormone-Dependent Adrenocortical Tumor Formation in Inhibin-Deficient Mice
Mol. Cell. Biol., June 1, 2003; 23(11): 3951 - 3964.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Fassnacht, S. Hahner, I. A. Hansen, T. Kreutzberger, M. Zink, K. Adermann, F. Jakob, J. Troppmair, and B. Allolio
N-Terminal Proopiomelanocortin Acts as a Mitogen in Adrenocortical Tumor Cells and Decreases Adrenal Steroidogenesis
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2003; 88(5): 2171 - 2179.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. D. Payet, L. Bilodeau, L. Breault, A. Fournier, L. Yon, H. Vaudry, and N. Gallo-Payet
PAC1 Receptor Activation by PACAP-38 Mediates Ca2+ Release from a cAMP-dependent Pool in Human Fetal Adrenal Gland Chromaffin Cells
J. Biol. Chem., January 10, 2003; 278(3): 1663 - 1670.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Lafont, M. Laurent, H. Thibout, F. Lallemand, Y. Le Bouc, A. Atfi, and C. Martinerie
The Expression of novH in Adrenocortical Cells Is Down-regulated by TGFbeta 1 through c-Jun in a Smad-independent Manner
J. Biol. Chem., October 18, 2002; 277(43): 41220 - 41229.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
S. Kiiveri, J. Liu, M. Westerholm-Ormio, N. Narita, D. B. Wilson, R. Voutilainen, and M. Heikinheimo
Differential Expression of GATA-4 and GATA-6 in Fetal and Adult Mouse and Human Adrenal Tissue
Endocrinology, August 1, 2002; 143(8): 3136 - 3143.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Biol. Reprod.Home page
C. L. Coulter, I. C. McMillen, I. M. Bird, and M. D. Salkeld
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Expression Is Decreased in the Adrenal Gland of the Growth-Restricted Sheep Fetus During Late Gestation
Biol Reprod, August 1, 2002; 67(2): 584 - 590.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
V. E. Murphy, T. Zakar, R. Smith, W. B. Giles, P. G. Gibson, and V. L. Clifton
Reduced 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Activity Is Associated with Decreased Birth Weight Centile in Pregnancies Complicated by Asthma
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2002; 87(4): 1660 - 1668.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Chamoux, A. Narcy, J.-G. Lehoux, and N. Gallo-Payet
Fibronectin, Laminin, and Collagen IV as Modulators of Cell Behavior during Adrenal Gland Development in the Human Fetus
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2002; 87(4): 1819 - 1828.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
P. S. Babu, D. L. Bavers, F. Beuschlein, S. Shah, B. Jeffs, J. L. Jameson, and G. D. Hammer
Interaction Between Dax-1 and Steroidogenic Factor-1 in Vivo: Increased Adrenal Responsiveness to ACTH in the Absence of Dax-1
Endocrinology, February 1, 2002; 143(2): 665 - 673.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Biol. Reprod.Home page
A. J. Ginther, A. A. Carlson, T. E. Ziegler, and C. T. Snowdon
Neonatal and Pubertal Development in Males of a Cooperatively Breeding Primate, the Cotton-Top Tamarin (Saguinus oedipus oedipus)
Biol Reprod, February 1, 2002; 66(2): 282 - 290.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. Martinerie, C. Gicquel, A. Louvel, M. Laurent, P. N. Schofield, and Y. Le Bouc
Altered Expression of novH Is Associated with Human Adrenocortical Tumorigenesis
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2001; 86(8): 3929 - 3940.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
R. C. Ribeiro, F. Sandrini, B. Figueiredo, G. P. Zambetti, E. Michalkiewicz, A. R. Lafferty, L. DeLacerda, M. Rabin, C. Cadwell, G. Sampaio, et al.
An inherited p53 mutation that contributes in a tissue-specific manner to pediatric adrenal cortical carcinoma
PNAS, July 31, 2001; 98(16): 9330 - 9335.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
N. Hiroi, G. P. Chrousos, B. Kohn, A. Lafferty, M. Abu-Asab, S. Bonat, A. White, and S. R. Bornstein
Adrenocortical-Pituitary Hybrid Tumor Causing Cushing's Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2001; 86(6): 2631 - 2637.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]