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Endocrine Reviews 18 (3): 378-403
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society

Developmental and Functional Biology of the Primate Fetal Adrenal Cortex1

Sam Mesiano and Robert B. Jaffe

Reproductive Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0556

I. Introduction
II. Development
A. Embryonic adrenal development
B. Fetal adrenal development
C. Neonatal adrenal development
D. Growth
E. Functional development
1. Ontogeny of steroidogenic activity
2. Functional zonation and ontogeny of steroidogenic enzyme expression
3. Responsiveness to ACTH
III. Regulation
A. The fetal pituitary and ACTH
B. Growth factors
1. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)
2. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
3. Insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II)
4. Activin/inhibins
5. TGFß
C. Nuclear receptors/transcription factors
D. Placental factors
1. Human CG (hCG)
2. Placental CRH and ACTH
3. Indirect effect of placental glucocorticoid metabolism
4. Placental estrogens
IV. Physiology
A. Placental estrogen formation
B. Timing of parturition and fetal maturation
V. Summary




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An inherited p53 mutation that contributes in a tissue-specific manner to pediatric adrenal cortical carcinoma
PNAS, July 31, 2001; 98(16): 9330 - 9335.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
N. Hiroi, G. P. Chrousos, B. Kohn, A. Lafferty, M. Abu-Asab, S. Bonat, A. White, and S. R. Bornstein
Adrenocortical-Pituitary Hybrid Tumor Causing Cushing's Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2001; 86(6): 2631 - 2637.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]