Steroidogenic Factor 1: A Key Determinant of Endocrine Development and Function
Keith L. Parker and
Bernard P. Schimmer
Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute (K.L.P.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham,
North Carolina 27710; and the Banting and Best Department of Medical
Research (B.P.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L6
I. Introduction
II. The Initial Identification of SF-1as a Key Determinantof
Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis
A. Overviewof steroidogenesis
B. SF-1 and the regulation of steroidogenesis
C. Cloning and structural characterization of SF-1
1. Structuralfeatures of SF-1
2. Multiple transcripts are encoded by thegene encoding SF-1
3. The gene encoding SF-1 is evolutionarilyconserved in vertebratesand
invertebrates
III. Characterizationof Sites of SF-1 Expression and Identificationof Its
TargetGenes
A. Profiles of SF-1 expression
1. Adult steroidogenictissues
2. Embryonic steroidogenic tissues
3. Other sitesof SF-1 expression
B. Target genes regulated by SF-1
1.Steroidogenic cells
2. Sertoli cells
3. Gonadotropes
4.VMH
IV. The Roles Of SF-1 in Vivo: Targeted Gene Disruptionto
CreateSF-1 Knockout Mice
A. General features of the SF-1knockout mice
B. Primary steroidogenic tissues in SF-1 knockoutmice
C. Pituitary and hypothalamic defects in SF-1 knockoutmice
V. Perspectives and Future Directions
A. What are theroles of the various transcripts encoded bythe
Ftz-F1 gene?
B. Does a ligand mediate SF-1 transcriptional activation?
C. Where does SF-1 fit within hierarchical cascades of endocrine
development?
1. Which other genes also contribute to tissue-selective expressionof
SF-1 target genes?
2. Which target genes of SF-1 mediateits key roles in maintainingthe
adrenal glands, gonads, andVMH?
3. What mechanisms regulate the expression of SF-1?
4.How is SF-1 related to other genes whose disruptions leadtophenotypes
that resemble the SF-1 knockout mice?
D. Do othertranscription factors/nuclear receptors serve dualroles in
developmentand maintenance of the differentiated phenotype?
VI. Conclusion
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466 - 487.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. B. R. Jacobs, D. Coss, S. M. McGillivray, and P. L. Mellon Nuclear Factor Y and Steroidogenic Factor 1 Physically and Functionally Interact to Contribute to Cell-Specific Expression of the Mouse Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-{beta} Gene
Mol. Endocrinol.,
August 1, 2003;
17(8):
1470 - 1483.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
E. Lalli and P. Sassone-Corsi DAX-1, an Unusual Orphan Receptor at the Crossroads of Steroidogenic Function and Sexual Differentiation
Mol. Endocrinol.,
August 1, 2003;
17(8):
1445 - 1453.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
D. L. Liu, W. Z. Liu, Q. L. Li, H. M. Wang, D. Qian, E. Treuter, and C. Zhu Expression and Functional Analysis of Liver Receptor Homologue 1 as a Potential Steroidogenic Factor in Rat Ovary
Biol Reprod,
August 1, 2003;
69(2):
508 - 517.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A. K. Ghosh, R. Steele, and R. B. Ray Modulation of Human Luteinizing Hormone {beta} Gene Transcription by MIP-2A
J. Biol. Chem.,
June 20, 2003;
278(26):
24033 - 24038.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
K. Mukai, F. Mitani, H. Nagasawa, R. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, M. Suematsu, and Y. Ishimura An Inverse Correlation between Expression of a Preprocathepsin B-related Protein with Cysteine-rich Sequences and Steroid 11beta -Hydroxylase in Adrenocortical Cells
J. Biol. Chem.,
May 2, 2003;
278(19):
17084 - 17092.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
T. Yazawa, T. Mizutani, K. Yamada, H. Kawata, T. Sekiguchi, M. Yoshino, T. Kajitani, Z. Shou, and K. Miyamoto Involvement of Cyclic Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate Response Element-Binding Protein, Steroidogenic Factor 1, and Dax-1 in the Regulation of Gonadotropin-Inducible Ovarian Transcription Factor 1 Gene Expression by Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Ovarian Granulosa Cells
Endocrinology,
May 1, 2003;
144(5):
1920 - 1930.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. Catalano, V. Pezzi, A. Chimento, C. Giordano, A. Carpino, M. Young, M. J. McPhaul, and S. Ando Triiodothyronine Decreases the Activity of the Proximal Promoter (PII) of the Aromatase Gene in the Mouse Sertoli Cell Line, TM4
Mol. Endocrinol.,
May 1, 2003;
17(5):
923 - 934.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
Y. Yoshiura, B. Senthilkumaran, M. Watanabe, Y. Oba, T. Kobayashi, and Y. Nagahama Synergistic Expression of Ad4BP/SF-1 and Cytochrome P-450 Aromatase (Ovarian Type) in the Ovary of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, During Vitellogenesis Suggests Transcriptional Interaction
Biol Reprod,
May 1, 2003;
68(5):
1545 - 1553.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
N. Y. Gevry, E. Lalli, P. Sassone-Corsi, and B. D. Murphy Regulation of Niemann-Pick C1 Gene Expression by the 3'5'-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Pathway in Steroidogenic Cells
Mol. Endocrinol.,
April 1, 2003;
17(4):
704 - 715.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
A.-M. Pulichino, S. Vallette-Kasic, J. P.-Y. Tsai, C. Couture, Y. Gauthier, and J. Drouin Tpit determines alternate fates during pituitary cell differentiation
Genes & Dev.,
March 15, 2003;
17(6):
738 - 747.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
T. Suzuki, M. Kasahara, H. Yoshioka, K.-i. Morohashi, and K. Umesono LXXLL-Related Motifs in Dax-1 Have Target Specificity for the Orphan Nuclear Receptors Ad4BP/SF-1 and LRH-1
Mol. Cell. Biol.,
January 1, 2003;
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238 - 249.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
X. Yan, J.-F. Mouillet, Q. Ou, and Y. Sadovsky A Novel Domain within the DEAD-Box Protein DP103 Is Essential for Transcriptional Repression and Helicase Activity
Mol. Cell. Biol.,
January 1, 2003;
23(1):
414 - 423.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
D. A. Schreihofer, D. F. Rowe, E. F. Rissman, E. M. Scordalakes, J.-a. Gustafsson, and M. A. Shupnik Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} (ER{alpha}), But Not ER{beta}, Modulates Estrogen Stimulation of the ER{alpha}-Truncated Variant, TERP-1
Endocrinology,
November 1, 2002;
143(11):
4196 - 4202.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. P. Scherrer, D. A. Rice, and L. L. Heckert Expression of Steroidogenic Factor 1 in the Testis Requires an Interactive Array of Elements Within Its Proximal Promoter
Biol Reprod,
November 1, 2002;
67(5):
1509 - 1521.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
H. Osman, C. Murigande, A. Nadakal, and A. M. Capponi Repression of DAX-1 and Induction of SF-1 Expression. TWO MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACTIVATION OF ALDOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN ADRENAL GLOMERULOSA CELLS
J. Biol. Chem.,
October 18, 2002;
277(43):
41259 - 41267.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. Desclozeaux, I. N. Krylova, F. Horn, R. J. Fletterick, and H. A. Ingraham Phosphorylation and Intramolecular Stabilization of the Ligand Binding Domain in the Nuclear Receptor Steroidogenic Factor 1
Mol. Cell. Biol.,
October 15, 2002;
22(20):
7193 - 7203.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
F. Gizard, B. Lavallee, F. DeWitte, E. Teissier, B. Staels, and D. W. Hum The Transcriptional Regulating Protein of 132 kDa (TReP-132) Enhances P450scc Gene Transcription through Interaction with Steroidogenic Factor-1 in Human Adrenal Cells
J. Biol. Chem.,
October 11, 2002;
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39144 - 39155.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. Frigeri, J. Tsao, M. Cordova, and B. P. Schimmer A Polymorphic Form of Steroidogenic Factor-1 Is Associated with Adrenocorticotropin Resistance in Y1 Mouse Adrenocortical Tumor Cell Mutants
Endocrinology,
October 1, 2002;
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4031 - 4037.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. Y. L. Chiang Bile Acid Regulation of Gene Expression: Roles of Nuclear Hormone Receptors
Endocr. Rev.,
August 1, 2002;
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443 - 463.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. Kiiveri, J. Liu, M. Westerholm-Ormio, N. Narita, D. B. Wilson, R. Voutilainen, and M. Heikinheimo Differential Expression of GATA-4 and GATA-6 in Fetal and Adult Mouse and Human Adrenal Tissue
Endocrinology,
August 1, 2002;
143(8):
3136 - 3143.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. C. Achermann, G. Ozisik, J. J. Meeks, and J. L. Jameson Genetic Causes of Human Reproductive Disease
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
June 1, 2002;
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S. B. Rosenberg and P. L. Mellon An Otx-Related Homeodomain Protein Binds an LH{beta} Promoter Element Important for Activation During Gonadotrope Maturation
Mol. Endocrinol.,
June 1, 2002;
16(6):
1280 - 1298.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. D. Clyne, C. J. Speed, J. Zhou, and E. R. Simpson Liver Receptor Homologue-1 (LRH-1) Regulates Expression of Aromatase in Preadipocytes
J. Biol. Chem.,
May 31, 2002;
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
B. Borud, T. Hoang, M. Bakke, A. L. Jacob, J. Lund, and G. Mellgren The Nuclear Receptor Coactivators p300/CBP/Cointegrator-Associated Protein (p/CIP) and Transcription Intermediary Factor 2 (TIF2) Differentially Regulate PKA-Stimulated Transcriptional Activity of Steroidogenic Factor 1
Mol. Endocrinol.,
April 1, 2002;
16(4):
757 - 773.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. C. Achermann, G. Ozisik, M. Ito, U. A. Orun, K. Harmanci, B. Gurakan, and J. L. Jameson Gonadal Determination and Adrenal Development Are Regulated by the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Steroidogenic Factor-1, in a Dose-Dependent Manner
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
April 1, 2002;
87(4):
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[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
J. H.-C. Shen and H. A. Ingraham Regulation of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Steroidogenic Factor 1 by Sox Proteins
Mol. Endocrinol.,
March 1, 2002;
16(3):
529 - 540.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
L. Peng and A. H. Payne AP-2gamma and the Homeodomain Protein Distal-less 3 Are Required for Placental-specific Expression of the Murine 3beta -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase VI Gene, Hsd3b6
J. Biol. Chem.,
March 1, 2002;
277(10):
7945 - 7954.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
G. Majdic, M. Young, E. Gomez-Sanchez, P. Anderson, L. S. Szczepaniak, R. L. Dobbins, J. D. McGarry, and K. L. Parker Knockout Mice Lacking Steroidogenic Factor 1 Are a Novel Genetic Model of Hypothalamic Obesity
Endocrinology,
February 1, 2002;
143(2):
607 - 614.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
P. S. Babu, D. L. Bavers, F. Beuschlein, S. Shah, B. Jeffs, J. L. Jameson, and G. D. Hammer Interaction Between Dax-1 and Steroidogenic Factor-1 in Vivo: Increased Adrenal Responsiveness to ACTH in the Absence of Dax-1
Endocrinology,
February 1, 2002;
143(2):
665 - 673.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
