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Endocrine Reviews 18 (2): 206-228
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society

Pituitary Cytokine and Growth Factor Expression and Action

David Ray and Shlomo Melmed

Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048-1865

I. Introduction
A. Hormone secretion
1. Tier
2. Tier II
3. Tier III
II. Cytokines and growth factors
A. Interleukins
1. IL-1, {alpha} and ß
2. IL-2
3. IL-6
B. Leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF)
C. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)
D. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
E. Transforming growth factor-{alpha} (TGF{alpha})
F. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)
1. FGF-2
2. Chondrocyte growth factor (CGF)
3. FGF-4
G. Nerve growth factor (NGF)
H. Galanin
I. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
1. IGF-I
2. IGF-II
J. TGFß
K. Activin, follistatin, and inhibin
L. Miscellaneous
1. PTHRP
2. TNF{alpha}
3. Hypothalamic factors
4. Endothelin
5. Angiotensin
III. Integrated Role of Intrapituitary Cytokines and Growth Factors
A. Cytokines and pituitary tumorigenesis
B. Intrapituitary cytokine role in septic shock response
C. Summary




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