help button home button Endocrine Society Endocrine Reviews
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Sealfon, S. C.
Right arrow Articles by Millar, R. P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Sealfon, S. C.
Right arrow Articles by Millar, R. P.
Endocrine Reviews 18 (2): 180-205
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society

Molecular Mechanisms of Ligand Interaction with the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor

Stuart C. Sealfon, Harel Weinstein and Robert P. Millar

Fishberg Research Center in Neurobiology (S.C.S.), Departments of Neurology (S.C.S.), Physiology and Biophysics (H.W.), and Pharmacology (H. W.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029; and Medical Research Council Regulatory Peptides Unit (R.P.M.), Departments of Chemical Pathology (R.P.M.) and Medicine (R.P.M.), University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory 7925, South Africa

I. Introduction
II. Amino Acid Sequences of GnRH Receptors
A. GnRH receptor cDNAs
B. General structural features
C. Covalent modifications
D. Gene structure
III. Structure-Activity Relations of GnRH Peptides
A. Overview
B. Comparative structures and activities of vertebrate GnRHs
C. Roles of individual amino acids in GnRH activity at the mammalian receptor
D. Conclusions from peptide structure-activity data
IV. Structure and Conformation of GnRH and Its Analogs
A. Early studies of GnRH conformation
B. Integrated computational and experimental studies
C. Exploration of the entire conformation space of GnRH analogs
V. Functional Structure of the Receptor and Ligand-Receptor Complex
A. Extracellular domains
B. Helix domains
C. Intracellular loop domains
D. Computational modeling of three-dimensional receptor structure
VI. Conclusions




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
I.-S. Hong, A. P. Cheung, and P. C. K. Leung
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormones I and II Induce Apoptosis in Human Granulosa Cells
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2008; 93(8): 3179 - 3185.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
S. I. Kavanaugh, M. Nozaki, and S. A. Sower
Origins of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in Vertebrates: Identification of a Novel GnRH in a Basal Vertebrate, the Sea Lamprey
Endocrinology, August 1, 2008; 149(8): 3860 - 3869.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Integr. Comp. Biol.Home page
J. A. Tello, S. Wu, J. E. Rivier, and N. M. Sherwood
Four functional GnRH receptors in zebrafish: Analysis of structure, signaling, synteny and phylogeny
Integr. Comp. Biol., July 21, 2008; (2008) icn070v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
R. Lopez de Maturana, A. J. Pawson, Z.-L. Lu, L. Davidson, S. Maudsley, K. Morgan, S. P. Langdon, and R. P. Millar
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Structural Determinants of Selectivity for Inhibition of Cell Growth: Support for the Concept of Ligand-Induced Selective Signaling
Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2008; 22(7): 1711 - 1722.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Molecular Cancer TherapeuticsHome page
M. LaFevre-Bernt, S. Wu, and X. Lin
Recombinant, refolded tetrameric p53 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-p53 slow proliferation and induce apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells
Mol. Cancer Ther., June 1, 2008; 7(6): 1420 - 1429.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. J. Pawson, E. Faccenda, S. Maudsley, Z.-L. Lu, Z. Naor, and R. P. Millar
Mammalian Type I Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors Undergo Slow, Constitutive, Agonist-Independent Internalization
Endocrinology, March 1, 2008; 149(3): 1415 - 1422.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
A. J. Stewart, R. Sellar, D. J. Wilson, R. P. Millar, and Z.-L. Lu
Identification of a Novel Ligand Binding Residue Arg38(1.35) in the Human Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor
Mol. Pharmacol., January 1, 2008; 73(1): 75 - 81.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Reproductive SciencesHome page
C. Metallinou, B. Asimakopoulos, A. Schroer, and N. Nikolettos
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Ovary
Reproductive Sciences, December 1, 2007; 14(8): 737 - 749.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
P. M. Conn, A. Ulloa-Aguirre, J. Ito, and J. A. Janovick
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Trafficking in Health and Disease: Lessons Learned to Prepare for Therapeutic Mutant Rescue in Vivo
Pharmacol. Rev., September 1, 2007; 59(3): 225 - 250.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Z.-L. Lu, M. Coetsee, C. D. White, and R. P. Millar
Structural Determinants for Ligand-Receptor Conformational Selection in a Peptide G Protein-coupled Receptor
J. Biol. Chem., June 15, 2007; 282(24): 17921 - 17929.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
P. C.K. Leung and J.-H. Choi
Endocrine signaling in ovarian surface epithelium and cancer
Hum. Reprod. Update, March 1, 2007; 13(2): 143 - 162.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
E. L. Baldwin, I. N. Wegorzewska, M. Flora, and T. J. Wu
Regulation of Type II Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH-II) Gene Expression by the Processed Peptide of LHRH-I, LHRH-(1-5) in Endometrial Cells
Experimental Biology and Medicine, January 1, 2007; 232(1): 146 - 155.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
S. Mamputha, Z.-l. Lu, R. W. Roeske, R. P. Millar, A. A. Katz, and C. A. Flanagan
Conserved Amino Acid Residues that Are Important for Ligand Binding in the Type I Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptor Are Required for High Potency of GnRH II at the Type II GnRH Receptor
Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2007; 21(1): 281 - 292.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
K. Morgan, R. Sellar, A. J. Pawson, Z.-L. Lu, and R. P. Millar
Bovine and Ovine Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)-II Ligand Precursors and Type II GnRH Receptor Genes Are Functionally Inactivated
Endocrinology, November 1, 2006; 147(11): 5041 - 5051.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
A. Antelli, L. Baldazzi, A. Balsamo, P. Pirazzoli, A. Nicoletti, M. Gennari, and A. Cicognani
Two novel GnRHR gene mutations in two siblings with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2006; 155(2): 201 - 205.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
M R Silver and S A Sower
Functional characterization and kinetic studies of an ancestral lamprey GnRH-III selective type II GnRH receptor from the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus.
J. Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2006; 36(3): 601 - 610.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
A. M. Navratil, T. A. Farmerie, J. Bogerd, T. M. Nett, and C. M. Clay
Differential Impact of Intracellular Carboxyl Terminal Domains on Lipid Raft Localization of the Murine Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor
Biol Reprod, May 1, 2006; 74(5): 788 - 797.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
K.-Y. Kim, K.-C. Choi, N. Auersperg, and P. C K Leung
Mechanism of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and -II-induced cell growth inhibition in ovarian cancer cells: role of the GnRH-I receptor and protein kinase C pathway.
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, March 1, 2006; 13(1): 211 - 220.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. J. Caunt, A. R. Finch, K. R. Sedgley, L. Oakley, L. M. Luttrell, and C. A. McArdle
Arrestin-mediated ERK Activation by Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptors: RECEPTOR-SPECIFIC ACTIVATION MECHANISMS AND COMPARTMENTALIZATION
J. Biol. Chem., February 3, 2006; 281(5): 2701 - 2710.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. K. Barnett, T. M. Bunnell, R. P. Millar, and D. H. Abbott
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone II Stimulates Female Sexual Behavior in Marmoset Monkeys
Endocrinology, January 1, 2006; 147(1): 615 - 623.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
K. E. Ratcliffe, H. M. Fraser, R. Sellar, J. Rivier, and R. P. Millar
Bifunctional Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist-Progesterone Analogs with Increased Efficacy and Duration of Action
Endocrinology, January 1, 2006; 147(1): 571 - 579.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
P. E. Barran, R. W. Roeske, A. J. Pawson, R. Sellar, M. T. Bowers, K. Morgan, Z.-L. Lu, M. Tsuda, T. Kusakabe, and R. P. Millar
Evolution of Constrained Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Ligand Conformation and Receptor Selectivity
J. Biol. Chem., November 18, 2005; 280(46): 38569 - 38575.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
A. R Gunthert, C. Grundker, A. Olota, J. Lasche, N. Eicke, and G. Emons
Analogs of GnRH-I and GnRH-II inhibit epidermal growth factor-induced signal transduction and resensitize resistant human breast cancer cells to 4OH-tamoxifen
Eur. J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2005; 153(4): 613 - 625.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. A. Tello, J. E. Rivier, and N. M. Sherwood
Tunicate Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Peptides Selectively Activate Ciona intestinalis GnRH Receptors and the Green Monkey Type II GnRH Receptor
Endocrinology, September 1, 2005; 146(9): 4061 - 4073.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Shacham, M. N. Cheifetz, M. Fridkin, A. J. Pawson, R. P. Millar, and Z. Naor
Identification of Ser153 in ICL2 of the Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptor as a Phosphorylation-independent Site for Inhibition of Gq Coupling
J. Biol. Chem., August 12, 2005; 280(32): 28981 - 28988.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
J. N Hislop, C. J Caunt, K. R Sedgley, E. Kelly, S. Mundell, L. D Green, and C. A McArdle
Internalization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHRs): does arrestin binding to the C-terminal tail target GnRHRs for dynamin-dependent internalization?
J. Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2005; 35(1): 177 - 189.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. R. Silver, N. V. Nucci, A. R. Root, K. L. Reed, and S. A. Sower
Cloning and Characterization of a Functional Type II Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor with a Lengthy Carboxy-Terminal Tail from an Ancestral Vertebrate, the Sea Lamprey
Endocrinology, August 1, 2005; 146(8): 3351 - 3361.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
J H Li, F Sicard, M A Salam, M Baek, J LePrince, H Vaudry, K Kim, H B Kwon, and J Y Seong
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a type-I neurotensin receptor (NTR) and a novel NTR from the bullfrog brain
J. Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2005; 34(3): 793 - 807.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. J. Pawson, S. Maudsley, K. Morgan, L. Davidson, Z. Naor, and R. P. Millar
Inhibition of Human Type I Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GnRHR) Function by Expression of a Human Type II GnRHR Gene Fragment
Endocrinology, June 1, 2005; 146(6): 2639 - 2649.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
A. J. Pask, H. Kanasaki, U. B. Kaiser, P. M. Conn, J. A. Janovick, D. W. Stockton, D. L. Hess, M. J. Justice, and R. R. Behringer
A Novel Mouse Model of Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism: N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea-Induced Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene Mutation
Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2005; 19(4): 972 - 981.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
C. K. Cheng and P. C. K. Leung
Molecular Biology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)-I, GnRH-II, and Their Receptors in Humans
Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2005; 26(2): 283 - 306.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
J. H. Li, H. Choe, A. F. Wang, K. Maiti, C. Wang, A. Salam, S. Y. Chun, W.-K. Lee, K. Kim, H. B. Kwon, et al.
Extracellular Loop 3 (EL3) and EL3-Proximal Transmembrane Helix 7 of the Mammalian Type I and Type II Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptors Determine Differential Ligand Selectivity to GnRH-I and GnRH-II
Mol. Pharmacol., April 1, 2005; 67(4): 1099 - 1110.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
S. J. Gregory, C. T. Lacza, A. A. Detz, S. Xu, L. A. Petrillo, and U. B. Kaiser
Synergy between Activin A and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Transcriptional Activation of the Rat Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-{beta} Gene
Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2005; 19(1): 237 - 254.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Rose, P. Froment, V. Perrot, M. J. Quon, D. LeRoith, and J. Dupont
The Luteinizing Hormone-releasing Hormone Inhibits the Anti-apoptotic Activity of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in Pituitary {alpha}T3 Cells by Protein Kinase C{alpha}-mediated Negative Regulation of Akt
J. Biol. Chem., December 10, 2004; 279(50): 52500 - 52516.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
G. J. Reinhart, Q. Xie, X.-J. Liu, Y.-F. Zhu, J. Fan, C. Chen, and R. S. Struthers
Species Selectivity of Nonpeptide Antagonists of the Gonadotropinreleasing Hormone Receptor Is Determined by Residues in Extracellular Loops II and III and the Amino Terminus
J. Biol. Chem., August 13, 2004; 279(33): 34115 - 34122.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. J. Caunt, J. N. Hislop, E. Kelly, A.-L. Matharu, L. D. Green, K. R. Sedgley, A. R. Finch, and C. A. McArdle
Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors by Protein Kinase C: Inside Out Signalling and Evidence for Multiple Active Conformations
Endocrinology, August 1, 2004; 145(8): 3594 - 3602.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. Bonfil, D. Chuderland, S. Kraus, D. Shahbazian, I. Friedberg, R. Seger, and Z. Naor
Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase, Jun N-Terminal Kinase, p38, and c-Src Are Involved in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated Activity of the Glycoprotein Hormone Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Subunit Promoter
Endocrinology, May 1, 2004; 145(5): 2228 - 2244.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
P. M. Gault, K. Morgan, A. J. Pawson, R. P. Millar, and G. A. Lincoln
Sheep Exhibit Novel Variations in the Organization of the Mammalian Type II Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene
Endocrinology, May 1, 2004; 145(5): 2362 - 2374.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
D. Gonzalez-Martinez, T. Madigou, E. Mananos, J. M. Cerda-Reverter, S. Zanuy, O. Kah, and J. A. Munoz-Cueto
Cloning and Expression of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor in the Brain and Pituitary of the European Sea Bass: An In Situ Hybridization Study
Biol Reprod, May 1, 2004; 70(5): 1380 - 1391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
R. P. Millar, Z.-L. Lu, A. J. Pawson, C. A. Flanagan, K. Morgan, and S. R. Maudsley
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors
Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2004; 25(2): 235 - 275.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. R. Finch, L. Green, J. N. Hislop, E. Kelly, and C. A. McArdle
Signaling and Antiproliferative Effects of Type I and II Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors in Breast Cancer Cells
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2004; 89(4): 1823 - 1832.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
A. Ulloa-Aguirre, J. A. Janovick, A. Leanos-Miranda, and P. M. Conn
Misrouted cell surface GnRH receptors as a disease aetiology for congenital isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Hum. Reprod. Update, March 1, 2004; 10(2): 177 - 192.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
R. G. Romanelli, T. Barni, M. Maggi, M. Luconi, P. Failli, A. Pezzatini, E. Pelo, F. Torricelli, C. Crescioli, P. Ferruzzi, et al.
Expression and Function of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptor in Human Olfactory GnRH-secreting Neurons: AN AUTOCRINE GnRH LOOP UNDERLIES NEURONAL MIGRATION
J. Biol. Chem., January 2, 2004; 279(1): 117 - 126.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
C. Wang, O. Yun, K. Maiti, D. Y. Oh, K. K. Kim, C. H. Chae, C. J. Lee, J. Y. Seong, and H. B. Kwon
Position of Pro and Ser near Glu7.32 in the Extracellular Loop 3 of Mammalian and Nonmammalian Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptors Is a Critical Determinant for Differential Ligand Selectivity for Mammalian GnRH and Chicken GnRH-II
Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2004; 18(1): 105 - 116.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
F. Liu, D. A. Austin, and N. J. G. Webster
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Desensitized L{beta}T2 Gonadotrope Cells Are Refractory to Acute Protein Kinase C, Cyclic AMP, and Calcium-Dependent Signaling
Endocrinology, October 1, 2003; 144(10): 4354 - 4365.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
Y. Okada, A. Murota-Kawano, S. S. Kakar, and S. J. Winters
Evidence that Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) II Stimulates Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion from Monkey Pituitary Cultures by Activating the GnRH I Receptor
Biol Reprod, October 1, 2003; 69(4): 1356 - 1361.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. J. Pawson, S. R. Maudsley, J. Lopes, A. A. Katz, Y.-M. Sun, J. S. Davidson, and R. P. Millar
Multiple Determinants for Rapid Agonist-Induced Internalization of a Nonmammalian Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor: A Putative Palmitoylation Site and Threonine Doublet within the Carboxyl-Terminal Tail Are Critical
Endocrinology, September 1, 2003; 144(9): 3860 - 3871.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. M. Navratil, S. P. Bliss, K. A. Berghorn, J. M. Haughian, T. A. Farmerie, J. K. Graham, C. M. Clay, and M. S. Roberson
Constitutive Localization of the Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptor to Low Density Membrane Microdomains Is Necessary for GnRH Signaling to ERK
J. Biol. Chem., August 22, 2003; 278(34): 31593 - 31602.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
B. Fromme, P. Eftekhari, M. van Regenmortel, J. Hoebeke, A. Katz, and R. Millar
A Novel Retro-Inverso Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Immunogen Elicits Antibodies That Neutralize the Activity of Native GnRH
Endocrinology, July 1, 2003; 144(7): 3262 - 3269.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
B. Karges, W. Karges, M. Mine, L. Ludwig, R. Kuhne, E. Milgrom, and N. de Roux
Mutation Ala171Thr Stabilizes the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor in Its Inactive Conformation, Causing Familial Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2003; 88(4): 1873 - 1879.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
V. D. Dixit, R. Sridaran, M. A. Edmonsond, D. Taub, and W. E. Thompson
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Attenuates Pregnancy-Associated Thymic Involution and Modulates the Expression of Antiproliferative Gene Product Prohibitin
Endocrinology, April 1, 2003; 144(4): 1496 - 1505.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
K. Morgan, D. Conklin, A. J. Pawson, R. Sellar, T. R. Ott, and R. P. Millar
A Transcriptionally Active Human Type II Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene Homolog Overlaps Two Genes in the Antisense Orientation on Chromosome 1q.12
Endocrinology, February 1, 2003; 144(2): 423 - 436.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. Y. Seong, L. Wang, D. Y. Oh, O. Yun, K. Maiti, J. H. Li, J. M. Soh, H. S. Choi, K. Kim, H. Vaudry, et al.
Ala/Thr201 in Extracellular Loop 2 and Leu/Phe290 in Transmembrane Domain 6 of Type 1 Frog Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Confer Differential Ligand Sensitivity and Signal Transduction
Endocrinology, February 1, 2003; 144(2): 454 - 466.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. Harris, D. Chuderland, D. Bonfil, S. Kraus, R. Seger, and Z. Naor
Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and c-Src, But Not Jun N-Terminal Kinase, Are Involved in Basal and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated Activity of the Glycoprotein Hormone {alpha}-Subunit Promoter
Endocrinology, February 1, 2003; 144(2): 612 - 622.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
E. Terasawa
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone II: Is this Neuropeptide Important for Mammalian Reproduction?
Endocrinology, January 1, 2003; 144(1): 3 - 4.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. Prioleau, I. Visiers, B. J. Ebersole, H. Weinstein, and S. C. Sealfon
Conserved Helix 7 Tyrosine Acts as a Multistate Conformational Switch in the 5HT2C Receptor. IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL "LOCKED-ON" PHENOTYPE AND DOUBLE REVERTANT MUTATIONS
J. Biol. Chem., September 20, 2002; 277(39): 36577 - 36584.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
K. D. G. Pfleger, J. Bogerd, and R. P. Millar
Conformational Constraint of Mammalian, Chicken, and Salmon GnRHs, But Not GnRH II, Enhances Binding at Mammalian and Nonmammalian Receptors: Evidence for Preconfiguration of GnRH II
Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 2002; 16(9): 2155 - 2162.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. F. G. Silveira, P. M. Stewart, M. Thomas, D. A. Clark, P. M. G. Bouloux, and G. S. MacColl
Novel Homozygous Splice Acceptor Site GnRH Receptor (GnRHR) Mutation: Human GnRHR "Knockout"
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2002; 87(6): 2973 - 2977.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Maya-Nunez, J. A. Janovick, A. Ulloa-Aguirre, D. Soderlund, P. M. Conn, and J. P. Mendez
Molecular Basis of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: Restoration of Mutant (E90K) GnRH Receptor Function by a Deletion at a Distant Site
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2002; 87(5): 2144 - 2149.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
T. R. Ott, B. E. Troskie, R. W. Roeske, N. Illing, C. A. Flanagan, and R. P. Millar
Two Mutations in Extracellular Loop 2 of the Human GnRH Receptor Convert an Antagonist to an Agonist
Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 2002; 16(5): 1079 - 1088.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]