Actions of Placental and Fetal Adrenal Steroid Hormones in Primate Pregnancy*
GERALD J. PEPE and
EUGENE D. ALBRECHT
Department of Physiology, Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, Virginia 23501
Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Physiology, Center for Studies in Reproduction, The University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore,Maryland 21201
Correspondence: Address reprint requests to: Eugene D. Albrecht, Ph.D., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Laboratories, 11–017, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Abstract
I. Introduction: WITH advancing pregnancy in humans and nonhuman primates, theplacenta and fetal adrenal produce extremely large amounts ofthe steroid hormones estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoids,and C19-steroids. As originally shown in humans by Siiteri andMacDonald (1), a very unique functional interaction exists betweenthe fetal adrenal and placenta for the biosynthesis of estrogenduring primate pregnancy. Moreover, the human and nonhuman primatefetal adrenal gland undergoes striking morphological and functionalmaturation in preparation for the production of C19 steroidestrogen precursors and cortisol. Recent advances have beenmade, using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, on the biochemicaland molecular mechanisms underlying the tropic regulation ofsteroid hormone biosynthesis within the primate fetal adrenaland placenta. It is clear from these studies that, in additionto the functional fetoplacental unit for estrogen formation,there is extensive communication between the placenta and fetusin the developmental regulation of the progesterone biosyntheticpathway and maturation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocorticalaxis (HPAA) for de novo cortisol formation.
Footnotes
* This work was supported by NIH Research Grant R01 HD-13294.
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